Clinical and Functional Status of the Cardiovascular System in Military Aged Men

Aim. To assess the clinical and functional status of the cardiovascular system in military aged men in Berdsk (Novosibirsk Region).
Design. Observational analytical cohort study.
Materials and methods. We observed 184 young men (18–27 years old) who were referred by medical examining boards of the recruitment offices to the Berdsk Central City Hospital. The study analysed the incidence of minor heart anomalies, various rhythm and conductivity disorders, and cardiovascular risk factors. We measured mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) upon admission and following 24-hour monitoring, with the evaluation of the outpatient antihypertensive therapy. Echocardiography, Holter monitoring, electrocardiography were performed as well.
Results. The risk factor assessment demonstrated smoking in 92 (50%) subjects, low physical activity — in 112 (60.9%) subjects, poor daily regimen and diet — in 130 (70.6%) subjects, not enough sleep — in 40 (21.7%) subjects, hereditary arterial hypertension — in 80 (43.5%) subjects. 141 (76.6%) persons had subjective symptoms. 103 (56%) conscripts had minor heart anomalies: mitral valve prolapse — 45 (24.5%) subjects, supplemental chord of the left ventricle — 49 (26.6%) subjects, while a combination of these heart anomalies was observed in 40 (21.7%) subjects. Besides, 9 (4.9 %) subjects had a functional foramen oval. Mean systolic BP upon admission was 162.0 ± mm Hg, diastolic BP — 91.2 ± mm Hg. 24-hour BP monitoring demonstrated daily mean SBP of 156 mm Hg, DBP — 86 mm Hg. Grade I AH was diagnosed in 80 (43.5%) conscripts, grade II AH — in 56 (30.4%), grade III AH — in 3 (1.6%). Antihypertensive therapy was prescribed to 65 (35.3%) young men, while symptomatic treatment — to 30 (16.3%) young men.
Conclusion. Military aged men demonstrated high incidence of arterial hypertension in some risk factors, mostly genetic predisposition, sleep disorders, poor labour and rest regimen, physical inactivity. Minor heart anomalies are not uncommon. This population needs comprehensive modifiable risk factor programs, including body weight correction, smoking cessation, lipid-lowering diet, and increased physical activity.

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