The First Psychotic Episode: Clinical, Diagnostic Aspects, and Therapeutic Approaches

Aim. To provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of the first psychotic episode, this scientific review was conducted. The review is based on relevant publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, eLIBRARY.RU, RSCI, Google Scholar, and other databases published over the last five years.

Key points In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of scientific studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of early intervention for the first psychotic episode. Psychosis can be associated with various mental disorders, such as schizophrenic spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, and depression with psychotic features. The prevalence of these disorders during a person's lifetime is approximately 1.94% for non-affective psychotic disorders and 0.59% for affective psychotic disorders. The first manifestations of psychosis can occur at a young age and can lead to difficulties in personal, family, professional, and social life. Early detection and intervention can improve treatment outcomes and prognosis.. At the same time, lack of timely medical care can affect the effectiveness and duration of antipsychotic therapy. This can lead to increased risk of hospitalizations, decreased quality of life, and an unfavorable outcome for the patient.

Conclusion. The social significance of the problem is determined by the fact that, according to the World Health Organization, acute psychosis is in third place among the most disabling diseases, and major psychotic disorders reduce the average life expectancy by 10 years. One of the main directions of modern medicine is preventive and life-saving rehabilitation aimed at preventing repeated hospitalizations and improving the social adaptation of patients. The study of the interaction of various aspects of the occurrence, course and outcome of the first psychotic episode allows us to assess the dynamics, current programs of psychosocial rehabilitation and treatment of the disease.

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