Positive Trends in Perinatal Outcomes in Mothers with Breast Cancer during Pregnancy

Aim. To evaluate the impact of changes in the treatment of pregnancy with breast cancer on the condition and characteristics of the newborn.

Design. Retrospective prospective cohort study.

Materials and methods. Evaluation and comparison of data on pregnancy management and characteristics of the condition and management of newborns in two groups. The first group consisted of 68 newborns born to mothers with breast cancer from 2013 to 2019, data from medical records were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The second (prospective) group included 75 children born to mothers with breast cancer during pregnancy from 2020 to 2023. The study was conducted on the basis of the department of newborn National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov.

Results. The study groups differed statistically in the dates of pregnancy at the time of delivery, which is due to the changed treatment of patients with breast cancer during pregnancy. In the prospective group significantly more children (61 (81.3%) child) were born pregnant (p < 0.05). The absolute majority of pregnancies in a prospective cohort of patients determined differences in the condition and behavior of newborns. Thus, in the first group of children, the duration of hospital treatment after birth was significantly shorter than in the second (4 and 7 days respectively, p = 0.000). In the prospective group with the diagnosis «Healthy» 41 (54.7%) children were discharged from the maternity hospital, in the retrospective group only 9 (13.2%) children (Yates correction, p < 0.05).

Conclusion. Studies of domestic and foreign authors have shown that in the neonatal period, the severity of the condition of children born to mothers with oncological diseases, including breast cancer, is not due to the influence of the mother’s disease and chemotherapy, The duration of gestation at birth and the extent of morphofunctional immaturity. Our research confirms that the extension of pregnancy before the delivery time significantly improves perinatal outcomes in mothers with breast cancer during pregnancy.

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