Некоторые особенности психоэмоциональной сферы у детей и подростков (5–18 лет) с мигренью

Цель исследования: выявление особенностей психоэмоциональных характеристик детей и подростков с мигренью.

Дизайн: сравнительное исследование.

Материалы и методы. Обследованы 160 пациентов дошкольного (5–6 лет), младшего школьного (7–10 лет), среднего школьного (11 14 лет) и старшего школьного возраста (15–18 лет). Пациенты с верифицированным диагнозом «мигрень» (G43.0, 43.1, 43.3, 43.8 по МКБ-10) составляли основную группу (I, n = 80), без мигрени — группу сравнения (II, n = 80). Проведены анкетирование со сбором жалоб, анамнеза заболевания и жизни, семейного анамнеза и данных об особенностях течения раннего периода жизни ребенка, стандартный неврологический и соматический осмотр, комплексное клиническое и клинико-лабора торное обследование.

Результаты. Среди обследованных с жалобами на головные боли 80,0% оценивали цефалгию как сильную, сопровождающуюся выраженным ограничением (в 1/3 случаев) или значительным снижением (в 2/3 случаев) повседневной активности. У подростков I группы чаще, чем во II группе, отмечалось наличие легкой депрессии ситуационного или невротического генеза (18,7% против 13,5%), а также чаще выявлялись высокие уровни ситуативной и личностной тревожности (28,8% против 11,4% и 33,8% против 11,4% соответственно).

Заключение. Особенности психоэмоционального состояния детей и подростков с мигренью обусловливают необходимость их психологической поддержки, особенно при наличии депрессии и тревоги.

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