Эозинофильные заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта. Эозинофильный энтерит у детей

Цель обзора. Проанализировать современные данные по эпидемиологии, патофизиологии развития эозинофильных гастроинтестинальных заболеваний (ЭГИЗ) у детей с акцентом на поражении тонкой кишки.

Основные положения. ЭГИЗ — это воспалительные состояния желудочно-кишечного тракта, характеризующиеся тканевой эозинофилией с глубиной повреждения органа от слизистой оболочки до мышечного и серозного слоя, что приводит к грубым нарушениям их структуры и функции. Значимость пищевой аллергии до настоящего момента остается недооцененной, хотя ею страдают около 5% детей и до 3–4% взрослых. Эозинофильные заболевания пищеварительного тракта привлекают пристальное внимание экспертов во всем мире. Несколько десятилетий назад данные болезни описывали как редкие, и в статьях были представлены единичные клинические наблюдения, а в настоящее время количество публикаций выросло на несколько порядков. Появляется все больше доказательств роли аэроаллергенов и пищевых аллергенов в патогенезе эозинофильных эзофагита, гастрита, энтерита, поскольку у детей и взрослых с ЭГИЗ часто выявляются положительные кожные тесты на пищевые аллергены и/или семейный анамнез аллергических заболеваний.

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