docruДоктор.РуTitle1727-23782713-2994ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"10.31550/1727-2378-2022-21-2-34-39docru-56Research ArticleГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯGASTROENTEROLOGYСовременные представления о механизмах развития и предикторах тяжести язвенного колитаModern Idea of the Mechanisms of Development and Predictors of Ulcerative Colitis Severityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-354XБолотоваЕ. В.BolotovaE. V.

Болотова Елена Валентиновна — д. м. н., профессор кафедры терапии № 1 факультета повышения квалификации и последипломной подготовки специалистов

350063, г. Краснодар

bolotowa_e@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9825-7610ЮмукянК. А.YumukyanK. A.

Юмукян Кнара Андраниковна — аспирант кафедры терапии № 1 факультета повышения квалификации и последипломной подготовки специалистов; врач-гастроэнтеролог гастроэнтерологического отделения 

360086, г. Краснодар

yumukyan_ka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-7831ДудниковаА. В.DudnikovaA. V.

Дудникова Анна Валерьевна — к. м. н., врач-терапевт высшей квалификационной категории консультативно-диагностического отделения клиники

350010, г. Краснодар

avdudnikova@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт — Краевая клиническая больница № 1 имени профессора С.В. Очаповского» Министерства здравоохранения Краснодарского краяРоссияKuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Scientific and Research Institute — Regional Clinical Hospital No.1 named after Professor S.V. Ochapovsky of Krasnodar Territorial Ministry of HealthRussian Federation202214022025212ТЕРАПИЯ3439Copyright © Болотова Е.В., Юмукян К.А., Дудникова А.В., 20252025Болотова Е.В., Юмукян К.А., Дудникова А.В.Bolotova E.V., Yumukyan K.A., Dudnikova A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/56Цель обзора

Цель обзора: анализ данных современной научной литературы о возможных патофизиологических механизмах развития язвенного колита (ЯК).

Основные положения

Основные положения. Имеются данные о высокой прогностической значимости генетических, демографических факторов, особенностей кишечной микробиоты в развитии ЯК; об отсутствии гендерных различий в заболеваемости ЯК. Результаты некоторых исследований свидетельствуют о положительном влиянии на течение ЯК отдельных факторов внешней среды, таких как курение, аппендэктомия  и ожирение. Важной составной частью патогенеза ЯК, следовательно, ценным маркером активности/тяжести заболевания и потенциально привлекательной фармакологической мишенью лечения ЯК являются нейтрофилы.

Заключение

Заключение. Понимание патогенетических механизмов и оценка факторов риска позволят расширить возможности оказания комплексной помощи пациентам с ЯК 

Objective of the Review

Objective of the Review: To analyse available contemporary references about possible pathological mechanisms of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Key Points

Key Points. There are data on high prognostic significance of genetic and demographic factors, characteristics of intestinal microbiota in UC development; and the absence of genetic differences in UC morbidity. Results of a number of studies demonstrate favourable impact for UC from some environmental factors, such as smoking, appendectomy and obesity. A significant component of UC and, thus, a useful marker of the disease activity/severity and a potentially attractive pharmacological target for UC management is neutrophils.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and assessment of risk factors allow expanding the comprehensive aid to patients with UC.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.