docruДоктор.РуTitle1727-23782713-2994ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"10.31550/1727-2378-2022-21-8-66-71docru-47Research ArticleПСИХИАТРИЯPSYCHIATRYПограничное расстройство личности: к вопросу о диагнозеBorderline Personality Disorder: Diagnosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-6208ПетроваН.. Н.PetrovaN. N.

Петрова Наталия Николаевна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии

199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7-9

7-9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034

petrova_nn@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-7600ЧарнаяД. И.CharnayaD. I.

Чарная Дина Игоревна — врач-психиатр дневного стационара СПБ ГБУЗ «Больница им. П.П. Кащенко»

188357, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Канонерская, д. 12

7-9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034

12 Kanonerskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 188357

 

dichar@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-8460ЧумаковЕ. М.ChumakovE. M.

Чумаков Егор Максимович — к. м. н., доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии ФГБОУ ВО СПбГУ; заведующий дневным стационаром СПБ ГБУЗ «Больница им. П.П. Кащенко»

188357, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Канонерская, д. 12

7-9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034

12 Kanonerskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 188357

chumakovegor@gmail.comФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияSt. Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»; СПБ ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая больница № 1 им. П.П. Кащенко»РоссияSt. Petersburg State University; P.P. Kaschenko Psychiatric Hospital No. 1Russian Federation202214022025218НЕВРОЛОГИЯ. ПСИХИАТРИЯ6671Copyright © Петрова Н.Н., Чарная Д.И., Чумаков Е.М., 20252025Петрова Н.Н., Чарная Д.И., Чумаков Е.М.Petrova N.N., Charnaya D.I., Chumakov E.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/47Цель

Цель: обзор и анализ имеющейся современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященной пограничному расстройству личности.

Основные положения

Основные положения. Обзор посвящен пограничному расстройству личности, актуальность которого обусловлена, в частности, высокой частотой самоповреждающего поведения и коморбидных психических расстройств. Приводятся данные о его распространенности, исторических вехах формирования концепции пограничного расстройства личности, диагностических критериях в МКБ-11 и DSM-5. Дается характеристика клинических проявлений пограничного расстройства, освещаются подходы к дифференциальной диагностике с расстройствами шизофренического и аффективного спектра.

Заключение

Заключение. Анализ литературы показал возросшую в последние годы как теоретическую, так и практическую значимость пограничного расстройства личности.

Objective of the Review

Objective of the Review: To collect and analyse the available Russian and foreign literature sources in borderline personality disorder.

Key Points

Key Points. The review is dedicated to the borderline personality disorder, which is partially relevant due to a high rate of self-injurious and psychiatric co-morbidities. The data on morbidity, milestones in the development of the notion of the borderline personality disorder, and diagnostic criteria in ICD-11 and DSM-5 are presented. Clinical signs of a borderline personality disorder are characterised, and approaches to the differential diagnosis of schizophrenic and affective disorders are discussed.

Conclusion

Conclusion. A review of literature sources demonstrated a higher theoretical and practical importance of the borderline personality disorder.

пограничное расстройство личностираспространенностьклинические характеристикидиагностикадифференциальная диагностикааффективные расстройствашизофренияborderline personality disorderprevalenceclinical profilediagnosisdifferential diagnosisaffective disordersschizophreniaReferencesGrant B.F., Chou S.P., Goldstein R.B. et al. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSMMIV borderline personality disorder: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2008; 69(4): 533– 545. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v69n0404Grant B.F., Chou S.P., Goldstein R.B. et al. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSMMIV borderline personality disorder: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2008; 69(4): 533– 545. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v69n0404ten Have M., Verheul R., Kaasenbrood A. et al. Prevalence rates of borderline personality disorder symptoms: a study based on the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2. BMC Psychiatry. 2016; 16: 249. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0939-xten Have M., Verheul R., Kaasenbrood A. et al. Prevalence rates of borderline personality disorder symptoms: a study based on the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2. BMC Psychiatry. 2016; 16: 249. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0939-xTomko R.L., Trull T.J., Wood P.K., Sher K.J. Characteristics of borderline personality disorder in a community sample: comorbidity, treatment utilization, and general functioning. J. Person. Disors. 2014; 28(5): 734–750. DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2012_26_093Tomko R.L., Trull T.J., Wood P.K., Sher K.J. Characteristics of borderline personality disorder in a community sample: comorbidity, treatment utilization, and general functioning. J. Person. Disors. 2014; 28(5): 734–750. DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2012_26_093Volkert J., Gablonski T.C., Rabung S. Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2018; 213(6): 709–715. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.202Volkert J., Gablonski T.C., Rabung S. Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2018; 213(6): 709–715. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.202Ellison W.D., Rosenstein L.K., Morgan T.A., Zimmerman M. Community and clinical epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2018; 41(4): 561–573. DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.008Ellison W.D., Rosenstein L.K., Morgan T.A., Zimmerman M. Community and clinical epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2018; 41(4): 561–573. DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.008Stoffers-Winterling J., Krause-Utz A., Lieb K., Bohus M. Was wissen wir heute über die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung? Aktuelles zu Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Nervenarzt. 2021; 92(7): 643–652. DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01140-xStoffers-Winterling J., Krause-Utz A., Lieb K., Bohus M. Was wissen wir heute über die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung? Aktuelles zu Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Nervenarzt. 2021; 92(7): 643–652. DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01140-xLeischsenring F., Leibing E., Kruse J. et al. Borderline personality disorder. Lancet. 2011; 377(9759): 74–84. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61422-5Leischsenring F., Leibing E., Kruse J. et al. Borderline personality disorder. Lancet. 2011; 377(9759): 74–84. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61422-5Lipovetzky G. Self mutilation in borderline personality disorder. Pain as a self-treatment? A case report. Vertex. 2013; 24(111): 359–362.Lipovetzky G. Self mutilation in borderline personality disorder. Pain as a self-treatment? A case report. Vertex. 2013; 24(111): 359–362.Zandersen M., Henriksen M.G., Parnas J. A recurrent question: what is borderline? J. Pers. Disord. 2019; 33(3): 341–369. DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_348Zandersen M., Henriksen M.G., Parnas J. A recurrent question: what is borderline? J. Pers. Disord. 2019; 33(3): 341–369. DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_348Knight R. Borderline states. Bull. Menninger Clin. 1953; 17: 1–12.Knight R. Borderline states. Bull. Menninger Clin. 1953; 17: 1–12.Stern A. Psychoanalytic investigation of and therapy in the border line group of neuroses. Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 1938; 7: 467–489.Stern A. Psychoanalytic investigation of and therapy in the border line group of neuroses. Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 1938; 7: 467–489.Zandersen M., Parnas J. Borderline personality disorder or a disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum? A psychopathological study. World Psychiatry. 2019; 18(1): 109–110. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20598Zandersen M., Parnas J. Borderline personality disorder or a disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum? A psychopathological study. World Psychiatry. 2019; 18(1): 109–110. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20598Kernberg O.F., Michels R. Borderline personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2009; 166(5): 505–508.Kernberg O.F., Michels R. Borderline personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2009; 166(5): 505–508.Akiskal H.S., Chen S.E., Davis G.C. Borderline: an adjective in search of a noun. J. Clin Psychiatry. 1985; 46: 41–48.Akiskal H.S., Chen S.E., Davis G.C. Borderline: an adjective in search of a noun. J. Clin Psychiatry. 1985; 46: 41–48.Tyrer P. Borderline personality disorder: a motley diagnosis in need of reform. Lancet. 1999; 354(9196): 2095–2096. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00401-8Tyrer P. Borderline personality disorder: a motley diagnosis in need of reform. Lancet. 1999; 354(9196): 2095–2096. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00401-8Paris J. The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder: problematic but better than the alternatives. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry. 2005; 17(1): 41–46. DOI: 10.1080/10401230590905461Paris J. The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder: problematic but better than the alternatives. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry. 2005; 17(1): 41–46. DOI: 10.1080/10401230590905461Mulder R.T., Newton-Howes G., Crawford M.J., Tyrer P.J. The central domains of personality pathology in psychiatric patients. J. Pers. Disord. 2011; 25(3): 364–377.Mulder R.T., Newton-Howes G., Crawford M.J., Tyrer P.J. The central domains of personality pathology in psychiatric patients. J. Pers. Disord. 2011; 25(3): 364–377.Zanarini M.C., Frankenburg F.R., Hennen J. et al. Axis I comorbidity in patients with borderline personality disorder: 6-year follow-up and prediction of time to remission. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2004; 161(11): 2108–2114.Zanarini M.C., Frankenburg F.R., Hennen J. et al. Axis I comorbidity in patients with borderline personality disorder: 6-year follow-up and prediction of time to remission. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2004; 161(11): 2108–2114.Watters C.A., Bagby R.M., Sellbom M. Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. Pers. Disord. 2019; 10(2): 97–104. DOI: 10.1037/per0000307Watters C.A., Bagby R.M., Sellbom M. Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. Pers. Disord. 2019; 10(2): 97–104. DOI: 10.1037/per0000307Bach B., Sellbom M. Continuity between DSM-5 categorical criteria and traits criteria for borderline personality disorder. Canad. J. Psychiatry. 2016; 61(8): 489–494.Bach B., Sellbom M. Continuity between DSM-5 categorical criteria and traits criteria for borderline personality disorder. Canad. J. Psychiatry. 2016; 61(8): 489–494.Fowler J.C., Madan A., Allen J.G. et al. Clinical utility of the DSM-5 alternative model for borderline personality disorder: Differential diagnostic accuracy of the BFI, SCID-II-PQ, and PID-5. Comp. Psychiatry. 2018; 80: 97–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.09.003Fowler J.C., Madan A., Allen J.G. et al. Clinical utility of the DSM-5 alternative model for borderline personality disorder: Differential diagnostic accuracy of the BFI, SCID-II-PQ, and PID-5. Comp. Psychiatry. 2018; 80: 97–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.09.003World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11th rev. Geneva; 2018.World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11th rev. Geneva; 2018.Zanarini M.C., Gunderson J.G., Frankenburg F.R. Cognitive features of borderline personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1990; 147: 57–63.Zanarini M.C., Gunderson J.G., Frankenburg F.R. Cognitive features of borderline personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1990; 147: 57–63.Glaser J.P., Van Os J., Thewissen V., Myin-Germeys I. Psychotic reactivity in borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2010; 121: 125–134.Glaser J.P., Van Os J., Thewissen V., Myin-Germeys I. Psychotic reactivity in borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2010; 121: 125–134.Adams B., Sanders T. Experiences of psychosis in borderline personality disorder: a qualitative analysis. J. Ment. Health. 2011; 20(4): 381–391. DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2011.577846Adams B., Sanders T. Experiences of psychosis in borderline personality disorder: a qualitative analysis. J. Ment. Health. 2011; 20(4): 381–391. DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2011.577846Hayward M., Jones A.-M., Strawson W.H. et al. A cross-sectional study of auditory verbal hallucinations experienced by people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 2022; 29(2): 631–641. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2655Hayward M., Jones A.-M., Strawson W.H. et al. A cross-sectional study of auditory verbal hallucinations experienced by people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 2022; 29(2): 631–641. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2655McGlashan T.H., Grilo C.M., Skodol A.E. et al. The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2000; 102(4): 256– 264. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102004256.xMcGlashan T.H., Grilo C.M., Skodol A.E. et al. The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2000; 102(4): 256– 264. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102004256.xGunderson J.G. Borderline personality disorder: a clinical guide. Washington; 2000: 14–15.Gunderson J.G. Borderline personality disorder: a clinical guide. Washington; 2000: 14–15.Skodol A.E., Gunderson J.G., Pfohl B. et al. The borderline diagnosis I: psychopathology, comorbidity, and personality structure. Biol. Psychiatry. 2002; 51(12): 936–950. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01324-0Skodol A.E., Gunderson J.G., Pfohl B. et al. The borderline diagnosis I: psychopathology, comorbidity, and personality structure. Biol. Psychiatry. 2002; 51(12): 936–950. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01324-0Wertz J., Caspi A., Ambler A. et al. Borderline symptoms at age 12 signal risk for poor outcomes during the transition to adulthood: findings from a genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2020; 59(10): 1165–1177. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.005Wertz J., Caspi A., Ambler A. et al. Borderline symptoms at age 12 signal risk for poor outcomes during the transition to adulthood: findings from a genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2020; 59(10): 1165–1177. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.005Stepp S.D., Lazarus S.A. Identifying a borderline personality disorder prodrome: implications for community screening. Person. Mental Health. 2017; 11(3): 195–205. DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1389Stepp S.D., Lazarus S.A. Identifying a borderline personality disorder prodrome: implications for community screening. Person. Mental Health. 2017; 11(3): 195–205. DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1389Miller A.L., Muehlenkamp J.J., Jacobson C.M. Fact or fiction: diagnosing borderline personality disorder in adolescents. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2008; 28(6): 969–981. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.02.004Miller A.L., Muehlenkamp J.J., Jacobson C.M. Fact or fiction: diagnosing borderline personality disorder in adolescents. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2008; 28(6): 969–981. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.02.004Kaess M., Brunner R., Chanen A. Borderline personality disorder in adolescence. Pediatrics. 2014; 134(4): 782–793. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3677Kaess M., Brunner R., Chanen A. Borderline personality disorder in adolescence. Pediatrics. 2014; 134(4): 782–793. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3677Stepp S.D., Lazarus S.A., Byrd A.L. A systematic review of risk factors prospectively associated with borderline personality disorder: taking stock and moving forward. Person. Disord. 2016; 7(4): 316–323. DOI: 10.1037/per0000186Stepp S.D., Lazarus S.A., Byrd A.L. A systematic review of risk factors prospectively associated with borderline personality disorder: taking stock and moving forward. Person. Disord. 2016; 7(4): 316–323. DOI: 10.1037/per0000186Zanarini M.C., Frankenburg F.R., Ridolfi M.E. et al. Reported childhood onset of self-mutilation among borderline patients. J. Person. Disord. 2006; 20(1): 9–15. DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2006.20.1.9Zanarini M.C., Frankenburg F.R., Ridolfi M.E. et al. Reported childhood onset of self-mutilation among borderline patients. J. Person. Disord. 2006; 20(1): 9–15. DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2006.20.1.9Chabrol H., Montovany A., Chouicha K. et al. Frequency of borderline personality disorder in a sample of French high school students. Canad. J. Psychiatry. 2001; 46(9): 847–849. DOI: 10.1177/070674370104600909Chabrol H., Montovany A., Chouicha K. et al. Frequency of borderline personality disorder in a sample of French high school students. Canad. J. Psychiatry. 2001; 46(9): 847–849. DOI: 10.1177/070674370104600909Kjaer J.N., Biskin R., Vestergaard C. et al. The clinical trajectory of patients with borderline personality disorder. Personal. Mental Health. 2016; 10(3): 181–190. DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1337Kjaer J.N., Biskin R., Vestergaard C. et al. The clinical trajectory of patients with borderline personality disorder. Personal. Mental Health. 2016; 10(3): 181–190. DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1337Paris J. Differential diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2018; 41(4): 575–582. DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.001Paris J. Differential diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2018; 41(4): 575–582. DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.001Романов Д.В. Диагностические ошибки врачей-психиатров при распознавании ПРЛ. Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук. 2014; 16(5-4): 1309–1311. [Romanov D.V. Diagnostic mistakes of psychiatrists at recognition the borderline personality disorder. Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014; 16(5-4): 1309–1311. (in Russian)]Романов Д.В. Диагностические ошибки врачей-психиатров при распознавании ПРЛ. Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук. 2014; 16(5-4): 1309–1311. [Romanov D.V. Diagnostic mistakes of psychiatrists at recognition the borderline personality disorder. Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014; 16(5-4): 1309–1311. (in Russian)]Bayes A., Parker G., Fletcher K. Clinical differentiation of bipolar II disorder from borderline personality disorder. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2014; 27(1): 14–20. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000021Bayes A., Parker G., Fletcher K. Clinical differentiation of bipolar II disorder from borderline personality disorder. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2014; 27(1): 14–20. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000021Carrasco J.L., Mellor-Marsá B., Mallardo L. et al. Persistent psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive deficits in borderline personality disorder. Schizophr. Res. 2021; 232: 109–111. DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.003Carrasco J.L., Mellor-Marsá B., Mallardo L. et al. Persistent psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive deficits in borderline personality disorder. Schizophr. Res. 2021; 232: 109–111. DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.003Kaplan B., Yazici Gulec M., Gica S., Gulec H. The association between neurocognitive functioning and clinical features of borderline personality disorder. Braz. J. Psychiatry. 2020; 42(5): 503–509. DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0752Kaplan B., Yazici Gulec M., Gica S., Gulec H. The association between neurocognitive functioning and clinical features of borderline personality disorder. Braz. J. Psychiatry. 2020; 42(5): 503–509. DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0752Thomsen M.S., Ruocco A.C., Carcone D. et al. Neurocognitive deficits in borderline personality disorder: associations with childhood trauma and dimensions of personality psychopathology. J. Person. Disord. 2017; 31(4): 503–521. DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2016_30_265Thomsen M.S., Ruocco A.C., Carcone D. et al. Neurocognitive deficits in borderline personality disorder: associations with childhood trauma and dimensions of personality psychopathology. J. Person. Disord. 2017; 31(4): 503–521. DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2016_30_265McClure G., Hawes D.J., Dadds M.R. Borderline personality disorder and neuropsychological measures of executive function: a systematic review. Person. Mental Health. 2016; 10(1): 43–57. DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1320McClure G., Hawes D.J., Dadds M.R. Borderline personality disorder and neuropsychological measures of executive function: a systematic review. Person. Mental Health. 2016; 10(1): 43–57. DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1320Palomares N., García-Andrade R., Arza R. et al. Neuropsychological findings in recent onset schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder: a comparison study. Actas Esp. Psiquiatr. 2019; 47(1): 7–15.Palomares N., García-Andrade R., Arza R. et al. Neuropsychological findings in recent onset schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder: a comparison study. Actas Esp. Psiquiatr. 2019; 47(1): 7–15.Gunderson J.G., Herpertz S.C., Skodol A.E. et al. Borderline personality disorder. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer. 2018; 4: 18029. DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.29Gunderson J.G., Herpertz S.C., Skodol A.E. et al. Borderline personality disorder. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer. 2018; 4: 18029. DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.29Hirschfeld R.M., Lewis L., Vornik L.A. Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003; 64(2): 161–174.Hirschfeld R.M., Lewis L., Vornik L.A. Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003; 64(2): 161–174.Смулевич А.Б. Расстройства личности. Траектория в пространстве психической и соматической патологии. М.; 2012. 336 с.Smulevich A.B. Personality disorders. Trajectory in the space of mental and somatic pathology. Moscow; 2012. 336 p. (in Russian)Eskander N., Emamy M., Saad-Omer S.M. et al. The Impact of Impulsivity and emotional dysregulation on comorbid bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Cureus. 2020; 12(8): 9581. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9581Eskander N., Emamy M., Saad-Omer S.M. et al. The Impact of Impulsivity and emotional dysregulation on comorbid bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Cureus. 2020; 12(8): 9581. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9581Симуткин Г.Г., Яковлева А.Л. Эффективность фармакотерапии биполярного аффективного расстройства при коморбидности с расстройством личности. Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии. 2017; 3(96): 97–101. DOI: 10.26617/1810-3111-2017-3(96)-97-101Simutkin G.G., Yakovleva A.L. Efficiency of pharmacotherapy of bipolar affective disorder comorbid with personality disorder. Siberian Bulletin of Psychiatry and Narcology. 2017; 3(96): 97–101. (in Russian). DOI: 10.26617/1810-3111-2017-3(96)-97-101Usov G.M., Chumakov E.M., Charnaia D.I. et al. Comorbidity of bipolar affective disorder II type and BOR derline personality disorder. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2021; 31(4): 48–56. (in Russian)Usov G.M., Chumakov E.M., Charnaia D.I. et al. Comorbidity of bipolar affective disorder II type and BOR derline personality disorder. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2021; 31(4): 48–56. (in Russian)Sanches M. The limits between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the evidence. Diseases. 2019; 7(3): 49. DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030049Sanches M. The limits between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the evidence. Diseases. 2019; 7(3): 49. DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030049Harned M.S., Chapman A.L., Dexter-Mazza E.T. et al. Treating co-occurring Axis I disorders in recurrently suicidal women with borderline personality disorder: a 2-year randomized trial of dialectical behavior therapy versus community treatment by experts. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2008; 76(6): 1068–1075. DOI: 10.1037/a0014044Harned M.S., Chapman A.L., Dexter-Mazza E.T. et al. Treating co-occurring Axis I disorders in recurrently suicidal women with borderline personality disorder: a 2-year randomized trial of dialectical behavior therapy versus community treatment by experts. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2008; 76(6): 1068–1075. DOI: 10.1037/a0014044Massó Rodriguez A., Hogg B., Gardoki-Souto I. et al. Clinical features, neuropsychology and neuroimaging in bipolar and borderline personality disorder: a systematic review of cross-diagnostic studies. Front. Psychiatry. 2021; 12: 68–76. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.681876Massó Rodriguez A., Hogg B., Gardoki-Souto I. et al. Clinical features, neuropsychology and neuroimaging in bipolar and borderline personality disorder: a systematic review of cross-diagnostic studies. Front. Psychiatry. 2021; 12: 68–76. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.681876Биполярное аффективное расстройство: диагностика и терапия. Под ред. С.Н. Мосолова. М.; 2008. 384. [Bipolar affective disorder: diagnosis and therapy. Ed. S.N. Mosolov. Moscow; 2008. 384 p. (in Russian)]Bipolar affective disorder: diagnosis and therapy. Ed. S.N. Mosolov. Moscow; 2008. 384 p. (in Russian)Magill C.A. The boundary between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: current concepts and challenges. Can. J. Psychiatry. 2004; 49(8): 551–556. DOI: 10.1177/070674370404900806Magill C.A. The boundary between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: current concepts and challenges. Can. J. Psychiatry. 2004; 49(8): 551–556. DOI: 10.1177/070674370404900806Bayes A.J., McClure G., Fletcher K. et al. Differentiating the bipolar disorders from borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2016; 133(3): 187–195. DOI: 10.1111/acps.12509Bayes A.J., McClure G., Fletcher K. et al. Differentiating the bipolar disorders from borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2016; 133(3): 187–195. DOI: 10.1111/acps.12509Bellino S., Paradiso E., Bogetto F. Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacotherapies for borderline personality disorder. CNS Drugs. 2008; 22: 671–692. DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200822080-00005Bellino S., Paradiso E., Bogetto F. Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacotherapies for borderline personality disorder. CNS Drugs. 2008; 22: 671–692. DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200822080-00005Thompson A., Nelson B., Bechdolf A. et al. Borderline personality features and development of psychosis in an 'ultra high risk' (UHR) population: a case control study. Early Interv. Psychiatry. 2012; 6(3): 247–255. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2012.00365.xThompson A., Nelson B., Bechdolf A. et al. Borderline personality features and development of psychosis in an 'ultra high risk' (UHR) population: a case control study. Early Interv. Psychiatry. 2012; 6(3): 247–255. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2012.00365.xFrancey S.M., Jovev M., Phassouliotis C. et al. Does co-occurring borderline personality disorder influence acute phase treatment for firstepisode psychosis? Early Interv. Psychiatry. 2018; 12(6): 1166–1172. DOI: 10.1111/eip.12435Francey S.M., Jovev M., Phassouliotis C. et al. Does co-occurring borderline personality disorder influence acute phase treatment for firstepisode psychosis? Early Interv. Psychiatry. 2018; 12(6): 1166–1172. DOI: 10.1111/eip.12435Pope H.G., Jonas J.M., Hudson J.I. et al. An empirical study of psychosis in borderline personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1985; 142(11): 1285–1290. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.142.11.1285Pope H.G., Jonas J.M., Hudson J.I. et al. An empirical study of psychosis in borderline personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1985; 142(11): 1285–1290. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.142.11.1285Oliva F., Dalmotto M., Pirfo E. et al. A comparison of thought and perception disorders in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia: psychotic experiences as a reaction to impaired social functioning. BMC Psychiatry. 2014; 14: 239. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0239-2Oliva F., Dalmotto M., Pirfo E. et al. A comparison of thought and perception disorders in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia: psychotic experiences as a reaction to impaired social functioning. BMC Psychiatry. 2014; 14: 239. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0239-2Barnow S., Arens E.A., Sieswerda S. et al. Borderline personality disorder and psychosis: a review. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2010, 12(3): 186–195. DOI: 10.1007/s11920-010-0107-9Barnow S., Arens E.A., Sieswerda S. et al. Borderline personality disorder and psychosis: a review. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2010, 12(3): 186–195. DOI: 10.1007/s11920-010-0107-9Kingdon D.G., Ashcroft K., Bhandari B. et al. Schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder: similarities and differences in the experience of auditory hallucinations, paranoia, and childhood trauma. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2010; 198(6): 399–403. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e08c27Kingdon D.G., Ashcroft K., Bhandari B. et al. Schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder: similarities and differences in the experience of auditory hallucinations, paranoia, and childhood trauma. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2010; 198(6): 399–403. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e08c27Slotema C.W., Daalman K., Blom J.D. et al. Auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder are similar to those in schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 2012, 42(9): 1873–1878. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712000165Slotema C.W., Daalman K., Blom J.D. et al. Auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder are similar to those in schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 2012, 42(9): 1873–1878. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712000165Yee L., Korner A.J., McSwiggan S. et al. Persistent hallucinosis in borderline personality disorder. Compr. Psychiatry. 2005, 46(2): 147– 154. DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.07.032Yee L., Korner A.J., McSwiggan S. et al. Persistent hallucinosis in borderline personality disorder. Compr. Psychiatry. 2005, 46(2): 147– 154. DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.07.032Pearse L.J., Dibben C., Ziauddeen H. et al. A study of psychotic symptoms in borderline personality disorder. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2014; 202(5): 368–371. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000132Pearse L.J., Dibben C., Ziauddeen H. et al. A study of psychotic symptoms in borderline personality disorder. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2014; 202(5): 368–371. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000132Gunderson J.G., Phillips K.A. A current view of the interface between borderline personality disorder and depression. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1991; 148(8): 967–975. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.148.8.967Gunderson J.G., Phillips K.A. A current view of the interface between borderline personality disorder and depression. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1991; 148(8): 967–975. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.148.8.967Suzuki H., Tsukamoto C., Nakano Y. et al. Delusions and hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1998, 52(6): 605–610. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00463.xSuzuki H., Tsukamoto C., Nakano Y. et al. Delusions and hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1998, 52(6): 605–610. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00463.xCailhol L., Gicquel L., Raynaud J.P. Borderline personality disorder. In: Rey J.M. (ed.), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva; 2012. 18 p.Cailhol L., Gicquel L., Raynaud J.P. Borderline personality disorder. In: Rey J.M. (ed.), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva; 2012. 18 p.Herman J.L., van der Kolk B.A., van der Kolk B.A. Traumatic antecedents of borderline personality disorder. In: Psychological Trauma. Arlington; 1987: 111–126.Herman J.L., van der Kolk B.A., van der Kolk B.A. Traumatic antecedents of borderline personality disorder. In: Psychological Trauma. Arlington; 1987: 111–126.Frías Á., Palma C. Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review. Psychopathology. 2015; 48(1): 1–10. DOI: 10.1159/000363145Frías Á., Palma C. Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review. Psychopathology. 2015; 48(1): 1–10. DOI: 10.1159/000363145Golier J.A., Yehuda R., Bierer L.M. et al. The relationship of borderline personality disorder to posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic events. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2003; 160(11): 2018–2024. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.2018Golier J.A., Yehuda R., Bierer L.M. et al. The relationship of borderline personality disorder to posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic events. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2003; 160(11): 2018–2024. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.2018Кадыров Р.В., Венгер В.В. Комплексное посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство: современные подходы к определению понятия, этиологии, диагностика и психотерапия. Психолог. 2021; (4): 45–57. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2021.4.35811Kadyrov R.V., Venger V.V. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder: modern approaches towards definition of the concept, etiology, diagnostics, and psychotherapy. Psykholog. 2021; (4): 45–57. (in Russian). DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2021.4.35811Hutsebaut J., Videler A.C., Verheul R., Van Alphen S.P.J. Managing borderline personality disorder from a life course perspective: clinical staging and health management. Pers. Disord. 2019; 10(4): 309–316. DOI: 10.1037/per0000341Hutsebaut J., Videler A.C., Verheul R., Van Alphen S.P.J. Managing borderline personality disorder from a life course perspective: clinical staging and health management. Pers. Disord. 2019; 10(4): 309–316. DOI: 10.1037/per0000341Zanarini M.C., Temes C.M., Frankenburg F.R. et al. Description and prediction of time-to-attainment of excellent recovery for borderline patients followed prospectively for 20 years. Psychiatry Res. 2018; 262: 40–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.034Zanarini M.C., Temes C.M., Frankenburg F.R. et al. Description and prediction of time-to-attainment of excellent recovery for borderline patients followed prospectively for 20 years. Psychiatry Res. 2018; 262: 40–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.034

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.