docruДоктор.РуTitle1727-23782713-2994ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"10.31550/1727-2378-2025-24-4-79-84docru-355Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSНарушение циркадного ритма как фактор развития метаболически нездорового ожиренияCircadian Rhythm Disorder as a Factor in the Development of Metabolically Unhealthy Obesityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-7619АметовА. С.AmetovA. S.

Аметов Александр Сергеевич — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой эндокринологии, заведующий сетевой кафедрой ЮНЕСКО по теме «Биоэтика сахарного диабета как глобальная проблема»; ведущий научный сотрудник отделения эндокринологии

г. Москва

Moscow

alexander.ametov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-0211КосянА. А.KosyanA. A.

Косян Анюта Амаяковна — к. м. н., врач-эндокринолог; врач-эндокринолог кабинета «Школа для больных с сахарным диабетом»

г. Москва

Moscow

anyuta.kosyan@mail.ruФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр имени С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Botkin HospitalRussian FederationФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр космической медицины и биологии» ФМБА России, медико-санитарная часть № 1; ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника № 12 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияFederal Scientific and Clinical Center for Space Medicine and Biology, Medical and Sanitary Unit No. 1; Moscow City Polyclinic No. 12Russian Federation202513112025244КАРДИОМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА7984Copyright © Аметов А.С., Косян А.А., 20252025Аметов А.С., Косян А.А.Ametov A.S., Kosyan A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/355Цель

Цель. На основании анализа данных современной научной литературы продемонстрировать влияние циркадной системы на функцию жировой ткани и на формирование метаболически нездорового ожирения.

Основные положения

Основные положения. Циркадная система регулирует метаболические процессы через сложные нейроэндокринные пути, влияя на ключевые структуры клеток. Центральные и периферические циркадные часы приспосабливают функции органов и систем к циклам сна/бодрствования и питания/голодания, внося значительный вклад в поддержание метаболизма организма в состоянии равновесия. На уровне жировой ткани циркадная система регулирует липогенез и липолиз, кроме того, участвует в процессе секреции адипоцитокинов. Циркадная регуляция активности липогенеза и липолиза осуществляется в основном через влияние на процессы транскрипции генов ряда ключевых ферментов жировой ткани, участвующих в обоих процессах. Нарушение циркадного ритма приводит к метаболическому, гормональному и энергетическому дисбалансу. В результате нарушения циркадного ритма меняются эндокринная функция жировой ткани, липидный состав и вариабельность уровня глюкозы в крови, а также чувствительность к инсулину, что может стать причиной развития метаболически нездорового ожирения.

Заключение

Заключение. Циркадная система является координатором поведенческих и физиологических функций человека в зависимости от времени суток. Периферические циркадные осцилляторы, подчиняясь центральным циркадным часам, регулируют метаболические процессы на уровне жировой ткани, печени, почек, мышц и др. Скоординированная работа всей этой системы обеспечивает гомеостаз энергии. Нарушение циркадного ритма может способствовать развитию ожирения, сахарного диабета, заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы и стать причиной метаболически нездорового ожирения, а здоровый образ жизни, оптимизация графика работы и устранение нарушений сна улучшают метаболические процессы.

Aim

Aim. Based on the analysis of data from modern scientific literature, to demonstrate the influence of the circadian system on the function of adipose tissue and on the formation of metabolically unhealthy obesity.

Key points

Key points. The circadian system regulates metabolic processes through complex neuroendocrine pathways, affecting key cellular structures. The central and peripheral circadian rhythms adapt the functions of organs and systems to sleep/wake and nutrition/starvation cycles, making a significant contribution to maintaining the body's metabolism in a state of equilibrium. At the level of adipose tissue, the circadian system regulates lipogenesis and lipolysis, and is also involved in the secretion of adipocytokines. Circadian regulation of the activity of lipogenesis and lipolysis is carried out mainly due to the influence on the processes of gene transcription of a number of key enzymes of adipose tissue involved in both processes. Disruption of the circadian rhythm leads to metabolic, hormonal, and energy imbalances. As a result of circadian rhythm disorders, the endocrine function of adipose tissue, lipid composition and variability of blood glucose levels, as well as insulin sensitivity, change, which can lead to the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The circadian system is the coordinator of human behavioral and physiological functions depending on the time of day. Peripheral circadian oscillators, obeying the central circadian clock, regulate metabolic processes at the level of adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, muscles, etc. The coordinated operation of this entire system ensures energy homeostasis. Circadian rhythm disorders can contribute to the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diseases of the cardiovascular system and cause metabolically unhealthy obesity, while a healthy lifestyle, optimizing work schedules, and eliminating sleep disorders improve metabolic processes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.