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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2025-24-4-64-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новая коронавирусная инфекция как фактор нарушений углеводного обмена в отдаленном постковидном периоде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Coronavirus Infection as a Factor in Increasing Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Late Post-COVID Period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9156-743X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидуллина</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidullina</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хамидуллина Земфира Закиевна — ассистент кафедры эндокринологии</p><p>г. Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khamidullina.zemfira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-6433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авзалетдинова</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avzaletdinova</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авзалетдинова Диана Шамилевна — д. м. н., профессор кафедры эндокринологии</p><p>г. Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hyppocrat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4007-1917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачев</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachev</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбачев Иван Ростиславович — студент 6-го курса лечебного факультета</p><p>г. Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanros2609@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-6962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимашева</surname><given-names>Я. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timasheva</surname><given-names>Ya. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимашева Янина Римовна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины Института развития образования</p><p>г. Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ianina_t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7405-486X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моругова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morugova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моругова Татьяна Вячеславовна — д. м. н., заведующая кафедрой эндокринологии</p><p>г. Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tmorugova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидуллин</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidullin</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хамидуллин Камиль Ринатович — врач-уролог урологического отделения</p><p>г. Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamil.urolog@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ РБ Городская клиническая больница № 21 города Уфа</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 21 of Ufa</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>КАРДИОМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</issue-title><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хамидуллина З.З., Авзалетдинова Д.Ш., Горбачев И.Р., Тимашева Я.Р., Моругова Т.В., Хамидуллин К.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хамидуллина З.З., Авзалетдинова Д.Ш., Горбачев И.Р., Тимашева Я.Р., Моругова Т.В., Хамидуллин К.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khamidullina Z.Z., Avzaletdinova D.S., Gorbachev I.R., Timasheva Y.R., Morugova T.V., Khamidullin K.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/347">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/347</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить частоту и факторы риска нарушений углеводного обмена (НУО) в постковидном периоде.</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн</title><p>Дизайн. Ретроспективное исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование методом сплошной выборки включены 1969 пациентов, госпитализированных в госпиталь Клиники БГМУ с подтвержденным диагнозом COVID-19 в период с 16 апреля 2020 г. по 1 января 2021 г. На основании клинико-анамнестических и лабораторных данных пациентов были сформированы две группы исследования. В первую группу вошли 980 человек без НУО — 402 (41,02%) мужчины и 578 (58,98%) женщин, медиана возраста которых составила 54 [43; 63] года. Во вторую группу включены 989 пациентов с впервые выявленной гипергликемией (ВВГ) во время стационарного лечения в острой фазе COVID-19 — 463 (46,8%) мужчины и 526 (53,2%) женщин в возрасте 59 [49; 67] лет. После выписки из стационара у исследованных пациентов анализировались случаи установки диагноза сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2), нарушенной толерантности к глюкозе, нарушенной гликемии натощак. Построены прогностические модели развития НУО в постковидном периоде.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Продолжительность наблюдения в постковидном периоде составила 3,5 года, НУО установлены в 108 (5,5%) случаях, в том числе впервые выявленный СД2 — у 61 (3,1%) пациента и предиабет — у 47 (2,4%) человек. У пациентов с ВВГ в острой фазе COVID-19 определена в 3 раза более высокая, чем у лиц с нормогликемией, распространенность НУО в отдаленном постковидном периоде, в том числе СД2 (4,95 и 1,22% соответственно, р &lt; 0,0001) и предиабета (3,24 и 1,53% соответственно, р &lt; 0,0001).</p><p>С целью выявления факторов риска развития НУО в постковидном периоде изучены исходные клинико-анамнестические и лабораторно-инструментальные характеристики пациентов. Полученные в ходе сравнения с использованием метода Манна — Уитни и последующего однофакторного логистического анализа достоверные параметры были включены в регрессионную модель многофакторного анализа, где в качестве независимых предикторов НУО определены следующие показатели: возраст, уровень глюкозы венозной плазмы при госпитализации, наличие артериальной гипертензии в анамнезе. Установлено, что у пациентов с нормогликемией факторами риска развития НУО в постковидном периоде являются возраст старше 62 лет, уровень скорости оседания эритроцитов выше 35 мм/ч, индекс коморбидности Чарлсона больше 1 балла и уровень С-реактивного белка более 30 мг/л. У лиц с ВВГ независимыми предикторами НУО оказались уровень глюкозы венозной плазмы натощак выше 8,6 ммоль/л при госпитализации и индекс массы тела (ИМТ) более 29,2 кг/м2. Сконструирована модель с максимальной прогностической способностью, включившая оба предиктора, ее чувствительность составила 43,04%, специфичность — 79,37%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ВВГ в остром периоде COVID-19 можно считать своего рода индикатором высокого риска развития СД2 и предиабета в постковидном периоде. Факторами риска НУО в отдаленном постковидном периоде у пациентов с ВВГ являются гипергликемия &gt; 8,6 ммоль/л и ИМТ &gt; 29,22 кг/м2 при госпитализации в острой фазе COVID-19. Исследование долгосрочных эффектов новой коронавирусной инфекции и поиск прогностических маркеров — актуальные задачи здравоохранения, решение которых позволит минимизировать постковидные осложнения и инвалидизацию пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the frequency and risk factors of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the post-COVID period.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Design. The retrospective study.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study using the continuous sampling method included 1969 patients hospitalized in the hospital of the Bashkir State Medical University Clinic with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the period from April 16, 2020 to January 1, 2021. Based on the clinical, anamnestic and laboratory data of the patients, two study groups were formed. The first group included 980 people without carbohydrate metabolism disorders — 402 (41.02%) men and 578 (58.98%) women, whose median age was 54 [43; 63] years. The second group included 989 patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia (NDH) during inpatient treatment in the acute phase of COVID-19 — 463 (46.8%) men and 526 (53.2%) women aged 59 [49; 67] years. After discharge from the hospital, these patients were analyzed for cases of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glycemia. Prognostic models for the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the post-COVID period were built.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The observation period in the post-COVID period was 3.5 years, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were established in 108 (5.5%) cases, including newly diagnosed T2DM in 61 (3.1%) patients and prediabetes in 47 (2.4%) people. In patients with New-Onset hyperglycemia in the acute phase of COVID-19, the prevalence of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in the remote post-COVID period was 3 times higher than in individuals with normoglycemia, including T2DM (4.95 and 1.22%, respectively, p &lt; 0.0001) and prediabetes (3.24 and 1.53%, respectively, p &lt; 0.0001). In order to identify risk factors for the development of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in the post-COVID period the initial clinical, anamnestic and laboratory-instrumental characteristics of patients were studied. The reliable parameters obtained during the comparison using the Mann-Whitney method and subsequent univariate logistic analysis were included in the regression model of multivariate analysis, where the following indicators were defined as independent predictors of carbohydrate metabolism disorders: age, venous plasma glucose level upon hospitalization, and history of arterial hypertension. As a result of the analysis, predictors of the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders were established separately for patients with normoglycemia and newly diagnosed hyperglycemia in the acute period of COVID-19. It has been established that in patients with normoglycemia, risk factors for the development of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in the post-COVID period are age over 62 years, erythrocyte sedimentation rate above 35 mm/h, Charlson comorbidity index greater than 1 point and C-reactive protein level greater than 30 mg/l. In individuals with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, independent predictors were fasting venous plasma glucose level over 8.6 mmol/l upon hospitalization and body mass index (BMI) over 29.2 kg/m2. A model with maximum predictive ability was constructed, including both predictors, its sensitivity was 43.04%, specificity — 79.37%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. New-onset hyperglycemia in the acute phase of COVID-19 can be considered as a kind of indicator of high risk of developing T2DM and prediabetes in the post-COVID period. Risk factors for carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the late post-COVID period in patients with new onset hyperglycemia in the acute phase of COVID-19 are hyperglycemia &gt; 8.6 mmol/L and BMI &gt; 29.22 kg/m2 upon hospitalization. The study of the long-term effects of the new coronavirus infection and the search for prognostic markers are urgent healthcare tasks, the solution of which will minimize post-COVID complications and disability of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>впервые выявленная гипергликемия</kwd><kwd>постковидный период</kwd><kwd>предикторы нарушений углеводного обмена</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>new coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>newly diagnosed hyperglycemia</kwd><kwd>post-COVID period</kwd><kwd>predictors of carbohydrate metabolism disorders</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi J.H., Song K. 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