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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-23782025-24-4-7-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поведенческие факторы, особенности питания  и распределения жировой ткани у молодых мужчин: взаимосвязь с сердечно-сосудистым риском</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Behavioural Factors, Dietary Patterns and Fat Distribution in Young Men: Association with Cardiovascular Risk</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-3106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веретюк</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veretyuk</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веретюк Варвара Васильевна — ассистент кафедры неотложной терапии с эндокринологией и профпатологией факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки врачей </p><p> </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varvara@veretyuk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0207-7063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыганкова Оксана Васильевна — д. м. н., доцент, профессор кафедры неотложной терапии с эндокринологией и профпатологией факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки врачей; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинических биохимических и гормональных исследований терапевтических заболеваний</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oksana_c.nsk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-2060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимощенко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshchenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимощенко Ольга Владимировна — к. м. н., научный сотрудник сектора аналитико-методологических проблем терапевтических заболеваний лаборатории этиопатогенеза и клиники внутренних заболеваний</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lentis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-7619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аметов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ametov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аметов Александр Сергеевич — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой эндокринологии, заведующий сетевой кафедрой ЮНЕСКО по теме «Биоэтика сахарного диабета как глобальная проблема»; ведущий научный сотрудник отделения эндокринологии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.ametov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины — филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины — филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр имени С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения города &#13;
Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Botkin Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>КАРДИОМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Веретюк В.В., Цыганкова О.В., Тимощенко О.В., Аметов А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Веретюк В.В., Цыганкова О.В., Тимощенко О.В., Аметов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veretyuk V.V., Tsygankova O.V., Timoshchenko O.V., Ametov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/340">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/340</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить характеристики питания и образа жизни молодых мужчин в зависимости от распределения жировой ткани, а также их взаимосвязи с данными различных шкал оценки абсолютного и относительного сердечно-сосудистого риска (ССР).</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн</title><p>Дизайн. Одномоментное сравнительное исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 150 мужчин в возрасте 20–45 лет, средний возраст — 36 [32; 41] лет. Участники набирались в три группы по 50 человек на основе результатов антропометрии и биоимпедансного анализа (БИА) состава тела: группа 1 — без абдоминального ожирения (АО), группа 2 — с АО и преимущественно подкожным типом распределения жировой ткани, группа 3 — с АО и преимущественно висцеральным типом распределения жировой ткани. Для оценки доли жировой ткани и характера ее распределения использовались антропометрия, калиперометрия, БИА, ультразвуковое исследование. Поведенческие факторы риска оценены с помощью анкетирования. Для оценки абсолютного и относительного ССР применялись шкалы SCORE2, Framingham 2008, Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs (PREVENT), QRISK3, Framingham-30, Mayo Clinic Heart Disease Risk Calculator.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У молодых мужчин 20–45 лет с и без АО статус курения оказался сопоставимым; общий уровень физической активности (ФА), по опроснику Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, был также сопоставимым в трех группах (р = 0,923) — около 70% пациентов имели умеренный уровень ФА, 30% — низкий. Мужчины с АО и преимущественно висцеральным типом распределения жировой ткани (группа 3) в основном употребляли алкоголь 1–2 раза в неделю, что в 2 раза чаще, чем в группе мужчин без АО (группа 1) (48 и 22% соответственно, р1–3 = 0,019), также у мужчин группы 3 количество порций алкоголя за один прием было выше (р1–3 &lt; 0,001). При оценке категорий пищевых продуктов по опроснику Food Frequency Questionnaire различия между группами обнаружены только в употреблении мясных полуфабрикатов: мужчины группы 2 в 40% случаев употребляли их 2–4 раза в неделю, что в 5 раз чаще, чем в группе 1 (р1–2 = 0,001); в группе 3 мясные полуфабрикаты употребляли почти ежедневно 4% мужчин (р1–3 = 0,014). Корреляционный анализ выявил значимые взаимосвязи между пищевыми привычками, уровнем ФА и показателями, отражающими жировой состав тела. Некоторые особенности питания, которые не входят в стратификаторы риска, используемые в изучаемых шкалах, также имели положительные корреляции с оценкой ССР, в частности положительные связи наблюдались между частотой употребления алкоголя (rs = 0,189–0,328, р от &lt; 0,001 до 0,037), количеством порций алкоголя за один прием (rs = 0,169–0,203, р = 0,013–0,038) и значениями всех изученных шкал риска, за исключением SCORE-2. Отрицательные корреляции выявлены между показателем «уровень ФА в свободное время» и данными шкал, отражающих относительный риск: QRISK3 (rs = –0,182, р = 0,03) и Framingham-30 на основе индекса массы тела (rs = –0,172, р = 0,035); между показателем «ФА на работе» и значениями шкалы Framingham-30 на основе липидов (rs = –0,168, р = 0,039).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. С точки зрения поведенческих факторов к группе риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний относятся не только мужчины с уже диагностированным АО, но и молодые мужчины без АО, поскольку имеют сопоставимые статус курения, характер питания и уровень ФА. Отсутствие АО у мужчин может создавать ложное впечатление метаболического благополучия и способно нивелировать мотивацию к модификации образа жизни. Скрининг поведенческих факторов риска у молодых мужчин, в особенности при наличии преимущест- венно висцерального отложения жировой ткани, должен выходить за рамки оценки антропометрических показателей и учитывать частоту и количество употребляемого алкоголя, частоту употребления продуктов глубокой переработки, красного мяса и хлеба, а также уровень ФА.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the characteristics of nutrition and  lifestyle of young men depending on the distribution of adipose tissue, as well as their relationship with data from various scales for assessing absolute and relative cardiovascular risk (CVR).</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Design. A cross-sectional comparative study.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 150 men aged 20–45 years, average age 36 [32; 41] years. Participants were recruited into three groups of 50 people each based on data of anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) of body composition: group 1 — without abdominal obesity (AO), group 2 — with AO and predominantly subcutaneous type of fat tissue distribution, group 3 — with AO and predominantly visceral type of fat tissue distribution. Anthropometric analysis, caliperometry, BIA, and ultrasound were used to assess the proportion of fat tissue and the nature of its distribution. Behavioral risk factors were assessed using questionnaires. The SCORE2, Framingham 2008, Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs (PREVENT), QRISK3, Framingham-30, and Mayo Clinic Heart Disease Risk Calculator scores were used to assess absolute and relative CVR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In young men aged 20–45 years with and without AO, smoking status was comparable; the overall  level of physical activity (PA) according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was also comparable across the three groups (p = 0.923) — about 70% of patients had a moderate level of PA and 30% had a low level. Men with AO and a predominantly visceral type of fat tissue distribution (group 3) mainly consumed alcohol 1–2 times a week, which was twice as often as in the group of men without AO (group 1) (48 and 22%, respectively, p1–3 = 0.019). Additionally, the number of alcohol servings per occasion was higher in Group 3 (p1–3 &lt; 0.001). When assessing food categories using the Food Frequency Questionnaire, differences between the groups were found only in the consumption of processed meat products: men in group 2 consumed them 2–4 times a week in 40% of cases, which is 5 times more often than in group 1 (p1–2 = 0.001); in group 3, 4% of men consumed processed meat products almost daily (p1–3 = 0.014). Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between dietary habits, PA levels, and indicators reflecting body fat composition. Some dietary features that are not included in the risk stratifiers in the studied scores also demonstrated positive correlations with the CVR assessment. In particular, positive correlations were observed between the frequency of alcohol consumption (rs = 0.189–0.328, p &lt; 0.001–0.037), the number of alcohol servings per occasion (rs = 0.169–0.203, p = 0.013–0.038) and the values of all studied  risk scores except SCORE-2. Negative correlations were found between the “Leisure-time PA” indicator and the scores reflecting relative risk: QRISK3 (rs = –0.182, p = 0.03) and Framingham-30 based on body mass index (rs = –0.172, p = 0.035); and between the “PA at work” indicator and the values of Framingham-30 lipid-based score (rs = –0.168, p = 0.039).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. From the perspective of behavioral factors, the group at risk for cardiovascular diseases includes not only men with diagnosed AO but also young men without AO, as they share comparable smoking status, dietary patterns, and level of PA. The absence of AO in men can create a false impression of metabolic well-being and can diminish motivation for lifestyle modification. Screening for behavioral risks in young men, especially those with a predominantly visceral fat tissue distribution, should extend beyond the assessment of anthropometric indicators and must account for the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, the frequency of consuming ultra-processed foods, red meat, and bread, as well as the level of PA.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>физическая активность</kwd><kwd>питание</kwd><kwd>висцеральное ожирение</kwd><kwd>образ жизни</kwd><kwd>шкала оценки сердечно-сосудистого риска</kwd><kwd>молодые мужчины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd><kwd>visceral obesity</kwd><kwd>lifestyle</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk assessment score</kwd><kwd>young men</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена частично по Государственному заданию в рамках бюджетной темы № FWNR-2024-0002.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was partially completed under the State assignment within the framework of budget topic No. FWNR-2024-0002.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зимакова Е.И., Орлова Я.А., Беграмбекова Ю.Л. 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