docruДоктор.РуTitle1727-23782713-2994ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-3-61-64docru-316Research ArticleНЕВРОЛОГИЯNEUROLOGYВарианты и периодичность эпигенетических влияний на развитие плодаOptions and Periods of Epigenetic Influences on the Development of the Fetushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-1404СоколовП. Л.SokolovP. L.

Соколов Павел Леонидович — д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник группы лучевой диагностики

119619, г. Москва, ул. Авиаторов, д. 38

38 Aviatorov Str., Moscow, 119619

psok.sci@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-0249ЧебаненкоН. В.ChebanenkoN. V.

Чебаненко Наталья Владимировна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры неврологии детского возраста; врач-невролог

125993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

2/1 Barrikadnaya Str., build. 1, Moscow, 125993; 8 Podolskoe Highway, build. 5, Moscow, 115093

nataqwe@yandex.ruБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям имени В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияV.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Spicialized Medical Care for ChildrenRussian FederationФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ООО «Геномед»РоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; LLC GenomedRussian Federation202320022025223ПЕДИАТРИЯ6164Copyright © Соколов П.Л., Чебаненко Н.В., 20252025Соколов П.Л., Чебаненко Н.В.Sokolov P.L., Chebanenko N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/316Цель обзора

Цель обзора: проанализировать современные исследования вариантов и периодичности эпигенетических влияний на развитие плода.

Основные положения

Основные положения. Эпигенетические влияния обеспечивают оперативную адаптацию организма к условиям существования. Сразу после оплодотворения происходит первая волна деметилирования, «стирание» метилирующих меток родительских гамет. После имплантации осуществляется первая волна метилирования в бластоцисте. Вторая волна деметилирования проходит в начале гаметогенеза. Выделяются три типа эпигенетического воздействия в процессе онтогенеза. Прямые влияния жизненного опыта относятся к изменениям, которые происходят в жизни человека, и обусловлены «прямым жизненным опытом» его адаптации к условиям существования. Внешние косвенные влияния (трансгенерации) — воздействие эпигенетических изменений, сложившихся в предыдущих поколениях (как внутриутробно, так и постнатально). Очевидно, что внешние косвенные влияния — более быстрый маршрут передачи наследственной информации в сравнении с генными механизмами наследования.

Заключение

Заключение. Расширение наших представлений об эпигенетике позволяет видеть в ней важнейший механизм адаптации к условиям внешней среды как на уровне организма, так и на популяционном уровне.

Aim

Aim: To analyze modern research on the variants and frequency of epigenetic effects on fetal development.

Key points

Key points. Epigenetic influences provide operational adaptation to the conditions of existence. Immediately after fertilization, the first wave of demethylation, “erasing” of methylation marks of parental gametes. After implantation, the first wave of methylation in blastocyst is carried out. The second wave of demethylation takes place at the beginning of the development of gametes. We know three types of epigenetic effects in the process of ontogenesis: direct influences of life experience refers to changes that occur in human life and caused by “direct life experience” of its adaptation to the conditions of existence. External indirect influences (transgenerations) are an impact of epigenetic changes that have developed in previous generations (both intrauterine and postnatally). Obviously, external indirect influences have a faster route for the transfer of hereditary information in comparison with the genetic mechanisms of inheritance.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Thus, the expansion of our ideas about the epigenetics allows you to see in it the most important mechanism for the adaptation to the conditions of the external environment both on the organism and in the population levels.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.