<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-5-62-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические особенности эндометрия у пациенток с ожирением и ранними репродуктивными потерями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological Features of the Endometrium in Patients with Obesity and Early Reproductive Losses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-5086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьмина Екатерина Александровна — аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KuzyaKaterina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-6153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сохова</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokhova</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сохова Залина Михайловна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sokhova_zm@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-3618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семятов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semyatov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семятов Саид Мухаммятович — д. м. н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semyatov_sm@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-9389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахматова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmatova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахматова Анастасия Николаевна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhmatova-an@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-3622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зулумян</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zulumyan</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зулумян Татевик Ншановна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zulumyan_tn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-419X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразмурадова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazmuradova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оразмурадова Айлара Агамурадовна клинический ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lara_oraz03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмина Е.А., Сохова З.М., Семятов С.М., Ахматова А.Н., Зулумян Т.Н., Оразмурадова А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина Е.А., Сохова З.М., Семятов С.М., Ахматова А.Н., Зулумян Т.Н., Оразмурадова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmina E.A., Sokhova Z.M., Semyatov S.M., Akhmatova A.N., Zulumyan T.N., Orazmuradova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/303">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/303</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора. Уточнить и обобщить современные данные о связи между морфологическими особенностями гравидарной трансформации эндометрия и ранними репродуктивными потерями на фоне ожирения у женщин.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. Растущая распространенность ожирения во всем мире вызывает серьезную обеспокоенность не только в связи с многочисленными метаболическими осложнениями, ассоциирующимися с избытком висцеральной жировой ткани, но и по причине нарушений репродуктивной функции у женщин. Ожирение рассматривается как ключевой фактор, повышающий в несколько раз вероятность возникновения таких осложнений беременности, как самопроизвольный выкидыш, неразвивающаяся беременность, мертворождение, гестационный сахарный диабет и преэклампсия. В основе развития нежелательных явлений на фоне материнского ожирения может лежать взаимодействие биологических процессов, связанных с беременностью, с хроническим воспалением, обусловленным ожирением. Однако причинно-следственная связь между индексом массы тела и самопроизвольным выкидышем до конца не определена, что, возможно, связано с многофакторным воздействием избыточной массы тела на развитие беременности. Кроме того, индекс массы тела как изолированная переменная не может отразить другие важные факторы риска для здоровья, такие как питание, физическая активность и резистентность к инсулину.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Женское ожирение ассоциировано с худшими результатами естественного и вспомогательного зачатия, включая повышенный риск самопроизвольного выкидыша. Вялотекущее воспаление, влияющее на ремоделирование артерий, плацентацию, а также состав и активность иммунных клеток матки при материнском ожирении способствует большому количеству осложнений во время беременности. Верифицировать патологию эндометрия на молекулярном уровне и обосновать патогенетическую терапию в группе риска ранних репродуктивных потерь у женщин с ожирением позволит разработка единой морфологической панели, учитывающей основные показатели процессов трансформации эндометрия с оценкой его рецепторного профиля и диагностически значимых иммунологических факторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To clarify and summarize current data on the relationship between morphological features of gravid transformation of the endometrium and early reproductive losses in women with obesity.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. The growing prevalence of obesity worldwide is of serious concern not only due to numerous metabolic complications associated with excess visceral adipose tissue, but also due to reproductive dysfunction in women. Obesity is considered a key factor that increases several times the likelihood of pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, non-viable pregnancy, stillbirth, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preeclampsia. The development of adverse events in the context of maternal obesity may be based on the interaction of biological processes associated with pregnancy and chronic inflammation caused by obesity. However, the causal relationship between BMI and spontaneous abortion is not fully understood, possibly due to the multifactorial effects of excess body weight on pregnancy progression. In addition, BMI as an isolated variable may not reflect other important health risk factors such as nutrition, physical activity, and insulin resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Female obesity is associated with worse natural and assisted conception outcomes, including an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Low-grade inflammation affecting arterial remodeling, placentation, and uterine immune cell composition and activity in maternal obesity contributes to a high incidence of pregnancy complications. The development of a unified morphological panel that takes into account the main indicators of endometrial transformation processes with an assessment of its receptor profile and diagnostically significant immunological factors will allow verification of endometrial pathology at the molecular level and justification of pathogenetic therapy in the risk group of early reproductive losses in women with obesity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гравидарный эндометрий</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>репродуктивная функция</kwd><kwd>репродуктивные потери</kwd><kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gravid endometrium</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>reproductive function</kwd><kwd>reproductive losses</kwd><kwd>miscarriage</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демидова Т.Ю., Грицкевич Е.Ю. Роль ожирения в развитии репродуктивных нарушений и возможности преодоления рисков. РМЖ. 2018;11(II):105–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demidova T.Yu., Gritskevich E.Yu. The role of obesity in the development of reproductive disorders and the possibility of overcoming risks. Russian Medical Journal. 2018;11(II):105–9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева Е.Н., Шереметьева Е.В., Фурсенко В.А. Ожирение — угроза репродуктивного потенциала России. Ожирение и ме таболизм. 2019;16(3):20–8. DOI: 10.14341/omet10340</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreeva E.N., Sheremetyeva E.V., Fursenko V.A. Obesity — threat to the reproductive potential of Russia. Obesity and Metabolism. 2019;16(3):20–8. (in Russian). DOI: 10.14341/omet10340</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бекбаева И.В., Муковникова Е.В., Кыртиков С.И., Зокирова Н.М. и др. Репродуктивный потенциал женщин с ожирением. Акушерство и гинекология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2023;11(S):126–31. DOI: 10.33029/2303-9698-2023-11-suppL-126-131</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekbaeva I.V., Mukovnikova E.V., Kirtikov S.I., Zokirova N.M. et al. Reproductive potential of obese women. Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training. 2023;11(S):126–31. (in Russian). DOI: 10.33029/2303-9698-2023-11-suppL-126-131</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amiri M., Ramezani Tehrani F. Potential adverse effects of female and male obesity on fertility: a narrative review. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2020;18(3):e101776. DOI: 10.5812/ijem.101776</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amiri M., Ramezani Tehrani F. Potential adverse effects of female and male obesity on fertility: a narrative review. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2020;18(3):e101776. DOI: 10.5812/ijem.101776</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аникеев А.С., Старцева Н.М., Грабовский В.М., Ордиянц И.М. и др. Особенности метаболизма у женщин с преэклампсией, сочетающейся с гестационным сахарным диабетом. Доктор.Ру. 2023;22(1):62–7. DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-1-62-67</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anikeev A.S., Startseva N.M., Grabovsky V.M., Ordiyants I.M. et al. Features of metabolism in women with preeclampsia combined with gestational diabetes mellitus. 2023;22(1):62–7. (in Russian) DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-1-62-67</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLean S., Boots C.E. Obesity and miscarriage. Semin. Reprod. Med. 2023;41(3–04):80–6. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777759</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLean S., Boots C.E. Obesity and miscarriage. Semin. Reprod. Med. 2023;41(3–04):80–6. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777759</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стародубов В.И., Суханова Л.П., Сыченков Ю.Г. Репродуктивные потери как медико-социальная проблема демографического развития России. Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2011;6(22). http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/367/30/lang,ru (дата обращения: 20.05.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starodubov V.I., Sukhanova L.P., Sychenkov Yu.G. Reproductive losses as a medical social problem problem in demographic development of Russia. Social Aspects of Public Health. 2011;6(22). (in Russian). URL: http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/367/30/lang,ru (дата обращения: 20.05.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed A.A.M., Azova M.M., Ramazanova F.U., Gigani O.B. DNMT1 and DNMT3A gene polymorphisms and early pregnancy loss. Russ. J. Genet. 2020;56(3):379–82. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795420030023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed A.A.M., Azova M.M., Ramazanova F.U., Gigani O.B. DNMT1 and DNMT3A gene polymorphisms and early pregnancy loss. Russ. J. Genet. 2020;56(3):379–82. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795420030023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X., Shi J. Female obesity increases the risk of preterm birth of single frozen-thawed euploid embryos: a retrospective cohort study. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 2024;40(1):2324995. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2324995</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X., Shi J. Female obesity increases the risk of preterm birth of single frozen-thawed euploid embryos: a retrospective cohort study. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 2024;40(1):2324995. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2324995</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ng S.W., Norwitz G.A., Pavlicev M., Tilburgs T. et al. Endometrial decidualization: the primary driver of pregnancy health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21(11):4092. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114092</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ng S.W., Norwitz G.A., Pavlicev M., Tilburgs T. et al. Endometrial decidualization: the primary driver of pregnancy health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21(11):4092. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114092</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhi-Jing T., Guan H., Wang L., Zhang W. Research progress on human endometrium decidualization in vitro cell models. Reprod. Dev. Med. 2021;5(2):119–27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhi-Jing T., Guan H., Wang L., Zhang W. Research progress on human endometrium decidualization in vitro cell models. Reprod. Dev. Med. 2021;5(2):119–27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Траль Т.Г., Хобец В.В., Толибова Г.Х. Особенности гравидарной трансформации эндометрия при привычном невынашивании беременности. Морфологические ведомости. 2022;30(4):52–9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tral' T.G., Khobets V.V., Tolibova G.H. Morphological features of the endometrium transformation in recurrent miscarriage. Morphological Newsletter. 2022;30(4):52–9. (in Russian). DOI: 10.20340/mv-mn.2022.30 (4).713</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бессмертная В.С., Самойлов М.В., Серебренникова К.Г. Морфологические и иммуногистохимические особенности эндометрия у женщин с первичным и вторичным бесплодием. Архив патологии. 2008;4:31–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessmertnaya V.S., Samoilov M.V., Serebrennikova K.G. Morphological and immunohistochemical features of the endometrium in women with primary and secondary infertility. Archive of Pathology. 2008;4:31–4. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okada H., Tsuzuki T., Murata H. Decidualization of the human endometrium. Reprod. Med. Biol. 2018;17(3):220–7. DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okada H., Tsuzuki T., Murata H. Decidualization of the human endometrium. Reprod. Med. Biol. 2018;17(3):220–7. DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortiz-Flores A., Escobar-Morreale H. Obesity and reproduction. In: Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases. Elsevier; 2018: 543–52. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.66100-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortiz-Flores A., Escobar-Morreale H. Obesity and reproduction. In: Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases. Elsevier; 2018: 543–52. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.66100-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellver J., Marín C., Lathi R.B., Murugappan G. et al. Obesity affects endometrial receptivity by displacing the window of implantation. Reprod. Sci. 2021;28(11):3171–80. DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00631-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellver J., Marín C., Lathi R.B., Murugappan G. et al. Obesity affects endometrial receptivity by displacing the window of implantation. Reprod. Sci. 2021;28(11):3171–80. DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00631-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi J.W., Lai Z.Z., Yang H.L., Zhou W.J. et al. An IGF1-expressing endometrial stromal cell population is associated with human decidualization. BMC Biol. 2022;20(1):276. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01483-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi J.W., Lai Z.Z., Yang H.L., Zhou W.J. et al. An IGF1-expressing endometrial stromal cell population is associated with human decidualization. BMC Biol. 2022;20(1):276. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01483-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ticconi C., Pietropolli A., Di Simone N., Piccione E. et al. Endometrial immune dysfunction in recurrent pregnancy loss. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019;20(21):5332. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215332</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ticconi C., Pietropolli A., Di Simone N., Piccione E. et al. Endometrial immune dysfunction in recurrent pregnancy loss. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019;20(21):5332. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215332</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., Dean M. Endometrial glucose metabolism during early pregnancy. Reprod. Fertil. 2023;4(4):e230016. DOI: 10.1530/RAF-23-0016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z., Dean M. Endometrial glucose metabolism during early pregnancy. Reprod. Fertil. 2023;4(4):e230016. DOI: 10.1530/RAF-23-0016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркова Т.Н., Мищенко Н.К., Петина Д.В. Адипоцитокины: современный взгляд на дефиницию, классификацию и роль в организме. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2022;68(1):73–80. DOI: 10.14341/probl12805</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markova T.N., Mishchenko N.K., Petina D.V. Adipocytokines: modern definition, classification and physiological role. Problems of Endocrinology. 2022;68(1):73–80. (in Russian). DOI: 10.14341/probl12805</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hojeij B., Rousian M., Sinclair K.D., Dinnyes A. et al. Periconceptional biomarkers for maternal obesity: a systematic review. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2023;24(2):139–75. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09762-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hojeij B., Rousian M., Sinclair K.D., Dinnyes A. et al. Periconceptional biomarkers for maternal obesity: a systematic review. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2023;24(2):139–75. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09762-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catalano P.M., Shankar K. Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child. BMJ. 2017;356:j1. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catalano P.M., Shankar K. Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child. BMJ. 2017;356:j1. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muter J., Kong C.S., Brosens J.J. The Role of decidual subpopulations in implantation, menstruation and miscarriage. Front. Reprod. Health. 2021;3:804921. DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.804921</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muter J., Kong C.S., Brosens J.J. The Role of decidual subpopulations in implantation, menstruation and miscarriage. Front. Reprod. Health. 2021;3:804921. DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.804921</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marozio L., Nuzzo A.M., Gullo E., Moretti L. et al. Immune checkpoints in recurrent pregnancy loss: new insights into a detrimental and elusive disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(17):13071. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marozio L., Nuzzo A.M., Gullo E., Moretti L. et al. Immune checkpoints in recurrent pregnancy loss: new insights into a detrimental and elusive disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(17):13071. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu S., Lian R., Chen C., Chen X. et al. Impact of body mass index on peripheral and uterine immune status in the window of implantation in patients with recurrent reproductive failure. Hum. Fertil. (Camb.). 2023;26(5):1322–33. DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2189024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu S., Lian R., Chen C., Chen X. et al. Impact of body mass index on peripheral and uterine immune status in the window of implantation in patients with recurrent reproductive failure. Hum. Fertil. (Camb.). 2023;26(5):1322–33. DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2189024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra K., Wadhwa N., Guleria K., Agarwal S. ER, PR, and Ki-67 expression status in granulomatous and chronic non-specific endometritis. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2008(34):371–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00700.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra K., Wadhwa N., Guleria K., Agarwal S. ER, PR, and Ki-67 expression status in granulomatous and chronic non-specific endometritis. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2008(34):371–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00700.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рудикова А.А., Циклаури М.Р. Морфологические особенности эндометрия у женщин с различным типом нарушений репродуктивной функции. Молодой ученый. 2021;48(390): 483–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudikova A.A., Tsiklauri M.R. Morphological features of the endometrium in women with various types of reproductive function disorders. Young Scientist. 2021;48(390):483–7. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lisovskaya T.V., Perepletina T.A., Sevost'yanova O.Y., Mayasina E.N. et al. Clinical and laboratory parameters and morphological characteristics of the endometrium in women with impaired fat metabolism and failed IVF attempts. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 2019;35(sup1):41–4. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1653561</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lisovskaya T.V., Perepletina T.A., Sevost'yanova O.Y., Mayasina E.N. et al. Clinical and laboratory parameters and morphological characteristics of the endometrium in women with impaired fat metabolism and failed IVF attempts. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 2019;35(sup1):41–4. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1653561</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho K., Tan S., Buckett W., Dahan M.H. Intra-patient variability in the endometrial receptivity assay (ERA) test. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2018;35(5):929–30. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1125-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho K., Tan S., Buckett W., Dahan M.H. Intra-patient variability in the endometrial receptivity assay (ERA) test. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2018;35(5):929–30. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1125-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
