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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-6-77-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности поражения щитовидной железы у пациентов с синдромом Дауна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Thyroid Pathology in Patients with Down Syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудис</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudis</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гудис Андрей Дмитриевич — ординатор 2-го года по специальности «детская эндокринология» кафедры детских болезней Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 19, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>19 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, build. 2, Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phelectro.work@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5689-0194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Витебская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitebskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Витебская Алиса Витальевна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры детских болезней Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 19, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>19 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, build. 2, Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.vitebskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</issue-title><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гудис А.Д., Витебская А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гудис А.Д., Витебская А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gudis A.D., Vitebskaya A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/288">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/288</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора. Продемонстрировать распространенность и структуру заболеваний щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) у детей с синдромом Дауна (сД), проанализировать особенности диагностики и лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. Патология ЩЖ при сД включает врожденный гипотиреоз (ВГ), субклинический гипотиреоз (СГ), хронический аутоиммунный тиреоидит (ХАИТ) и диффузный токсический зоб (ДТЗ). Заболевания ЩЖ встречаются при сД чаще и возникают раньше, чем в общей популяции; их наличие не зависит от пола. СГ выявляется у 7–40% пациентов с сД, но прогрессирует до манифестного гипотиреоза менее чем в половине случаев. В различных клинических рекомендациях указано, что у больных сД следует регулярно, каждые 6–12 месяцев, контролировать уровень тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ), а при необходимости — свободного тироксина и антител к тиреопероксидазе. Лечение ВГ, ХАИТ и ДТЗ проводится так же, как у пациентов без сД. Большинство исследователей выступают за неназначение терапии левотироксином при СГ, так как отсутствуют доказательства преимущества раннего лечения, а повышенный уровень ТТГ во многих случаях является легким и преходящим.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Высокая распространенность и широкий спектр тиреоидной патологии у больных сД требует регулярного контроля гормональных показателей. Сложность трактовки изолированного повышения уровня ТТГ может затруднять принятие решения о назначении терапии. В последние годы стала более обоснованной стратегия «бдительного ожидания» одновременно с более частыми лабораторными исследованиями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To demonstrate the prevalence and structure of thyroid diseases in children with Down syndrome (DS), and to analyze the features of their diagnosis and treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. Thyroid gland pathology in DS includes congenital hypothyroidism (CH), subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT), and diffuse toxic goiter (DTG). Thyroid diseases are more common and occur earlier in individuals with DS than in the general population; their presence is independent of gender. SH is identified in 7–40% of patients with DS, but progresses to overt hypothyroidism in less than half of the cases. Various clinical guidelines recommend that patients with DS should have their thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels monitored regularly, every 6–12 months, and, if necessary, their free thyroxine and thyroid peroxidase antibodies. The treatment of CH, CAT, and DTG in DS patients is the same as in patients without DS. Most researchers advocate against levothyroxine therapy for SH, as there is no evidence of benefit from early treatment, and elevated TSH levels are often mild and transient.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The high prevalence and wide spectrum of thyroid pathology in patients with DS necessitate regular monitoring of hormone levels. The complexity of interpreting isolated TSH elevation can complicate treatment decisions. In recent years, a more justified strategy of “watchful waiting” along with more frequent laboratory tests has become more prevalent.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром Дауна</kwd><kwd>врожденный гипотиреоз</kwd><kwd>субклинический гипотиреоз</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный тиреоидит</kwd><kwd>диффузный токсический зоб (болезнь Грейвса)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Down syndrome</kwd><kwd>congenital hypothyroidism</kwd><kwd>subclinical hypothyroidism</kwd><kwd>autoimmune thyroiditis</kwd><kwd>diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaman S., Fortea J. 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