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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-8-68-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-246</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и лечение диабетической кардиоваскулярной вегетативной нейропатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy: Diagnosis and Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4705</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семикова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semikova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семикова Галина Владимировна — к. м. н., ассистент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии с клиникой имени академика Г.Ф. Ланга</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Semikovagv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-7275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimov</surname><given-names>Yu. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халимов Юрий Шавкатович — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии с клиникой имени академика Г.Ф. Ланга</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yushkha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-1202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лискер</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisker</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лискер Анна Владимировна — к. м. н., заведующая эндокринологическим отделением клиники научно-клинического центра эндокринологии</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.lisker@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-6152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полякова Екатерина Анатольевна — д. м. н., профессор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии с клиникой имени академика Г.Ф. Ланга</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyakova_ea@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-9365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Анна Ральфовна — д. м. н., профессор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии с клиникой имени академика Г.Ф. Ланга</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkovaa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title>КАРДИОМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</issue-title><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семикова Г.В., Халимов Ю.Ш., Лискер А.В., Полякова Е.А., Волкова А.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семикова Г.В., Халимов Ю.Ш., Лискер А.В., Полякова Е.А., Волкова А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semikova G.V., Khalimov Y.S., Lisker A.V., Polyakova E.A., Volkova A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/246">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/246</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Систематизировать современные данные по факторам риска, клинической картине, диагностике диабетической кардиоваскулярной вегетативной нейропатии (ДКВН), а также выделить основные направления ее профилактики и лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. ДКВН (автономная кардиоваскулярная нейропатия) — форма диабетической автономной нейропатии, при которой вследствие повреждения симпатических и/или парасимпатических волокон нарушается регуляция сердечной деятельности и тонуса сосудов. Несмотря на существенное повышение риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, ДКВН нередко остается нераспознанной, что приводит к развитию нарушений сердечного ритма, расстройствам сосудистого тонуса и увеличивает риск смерти от всех причин. Среди всех форм диабетической нейропатии именно ДКВН ассоциируется с наибольшей летальностью. Риск ДКВН возрастает на 6% в год при сахарном диабете (СД) 1 типа и на 2% в год при СД 2 типа. Основным фактором патогенеза является хроническая гипергликемия, приводящая к оксидативному стрессу и накоплению конечных продуктов гликирования, которые повреждают сначала парасимпатическое, а затем и симпатическое звено вегетативной нервной системы. Повреждение автономной регуляции при ДКВН всегда характеризуется стойкими и, как правило, устойчивыми к лекарственной терапии нарушениями. Стойкая тахикардия в сочетании с безболевой ишемией миокарда значительно увеличивает риск смерти от инфаркта миокарда и его осложнений. Диагностика ДКВН в настоящее время основана преимущественно на функциональных пробах, способных выявить лишь уже далеко зашедший процесс; чувствительные и специфичные методы обследования, позволяющие оценить начальные проявления ДКВН, только разрабатываются. Препараты, которые обладали бы доказанной эффективностью в отношении ДКВН, также не зарегистрированы, однако достижение целевых значений гликемии способно значительно замедлить ее прогрессирование. Современные препараты, обладающие нейропротективными свойствами, также могут оказывать положительный эффект при начальных проявлениях ДКВН.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Раннее выявление и предотвращение ДКВН — важные клинические задачи. В настоящее время ключевым фактором предотвращения развития и прогрессирования ДКВН является поддержание нормогликемии. Изучение влияния новых классов препаратов на течение ДКВН продолжается; полученные данные позволяют предположить возможность некоторого профилактич еского потенциала в отношении ДКВН у современных сахароснижающих препаратов с нейропротективным эффектом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To systematize modern data on risk factors, clinical picture, diagnostics of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), and to highlight the main directions of its prevention and treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. CAN (autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy) is a form of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in which, due to damage to sympathetic and/or parasympathetic fibers, the regulation of cardiac activity and vascular tone is impaired. Despite a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, CAN often remains unrecognized, which leads to the development of heart rhythm disturbances, vascular tone disorders and increases the risk of death from all causes. Among all forms of diabetic neuropathy, it is CAN that is associated with the highest mortality. The risk of CAN increases by 6% per year in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and by 2% per year in type 2 DM. The main factor of pathogenesis is chronic hyperglycemia, leading to oxidative stress and accumulation of advanced glycation end products, which damage first the parasympathetic and then the sympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system. Damage to autonomic regulation in CAN is always characterized by persistent and, as a rule, drug-resistant disorders. Persistent tachycardia in combination with painless myocardial ischemia significantly increases the risk of death from myocardial infarction and its complications. Diagnostics of CAN is currently based mainly on functional tests that can only detect an advanced process; sensitive and specific examination methods that allow assessing the initial manifestations of CAN are only being developed. Drugs that would have proven efficacy in relation to CAN are also not registered at present, but achieving target glycemia values can significantly slow down its progression. Modern drugs with neuroprotective properties can also have a positive effect on the initial manifestations of CAN.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Early detection and prevention of CAN are important clinical tasks. Currently, the key factor in preventing the development and progression of CAN is maintaining normal glycemia. The study of the effect of new classes of drugs on the course of CAN is ongoing; the data obtained suggest the possibility of some preventive potential for CAN in modern hypoglycemic drugs with a neuroprotective effect. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая автономная нейропатия</kwd><kwd>кардиоваскулярная нейропатия</kwd><kwd>вариабельность сердечного ритма</kwd><kwd>ортостатическая гипотензия</kwd><kwd>безболевая ишемия миокарда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic autonomic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular neuropathy</kwd><kwd>heart rate variability</kwd><kwd>orthostatic hypotension</kwd><kwd>silent myocardial ischemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bissinger A. 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