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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-8-59-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-245</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гипераммониемия и хроническая сердечная недостаточность: взаимосвязь и подходы к решению проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hyperammonemia and Chronic Heart Failure: the Relationship and Approaches to Solving the Problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-9025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамаюнов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamayunov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гамаюнов Данил Юрьевич — аспирант, ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней; врач ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>г. Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.gamayunov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-3972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калягин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyagin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калягин Алексей Николаевич — д. м. н., профессор, проректор по лечебной работе и последипломному образованию, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней; врач-ревматолог</p><p>г. Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akalagin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ОГБУЗ «Иркутская городская клиническая больница № 1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University; Irkutsk Municipal Clinical Hospital No 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title>КАРДИОМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</issue-title><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гамаюнов Д.Ю., Калягин А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гамаюнов Д.Ю., Калягин А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gamayunov D.Y., Kalyagin A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/245">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/245</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Рассмотреть современные взгляды на факторы риска возникновения и прогрессирования хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН), основные причины гипераммониемии, клинико-патогенетическую взаимосвязь гипераммониемии и ХСН и подходы к ведению пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. ХСН является одной из ведущих кардиоваскулярных проблем на сегодняшний день. Распространенность ХСН варьирует от 0,3% у лиц в возрасте 20–29 лет до 70% у людей старше 90 лет. В случае прогрессирующей СН может возникнуть необходимость трансплантации сердца или долгосрочной механической поддержки кровообращения, а также паллиативной помощи, что требует значительных затрат. Доля СН с сохраненной фракцией выброса левого желудочка составляет около 50% всех случаев ХСН. Повышение содержания аммиака в крови обусловливает высокую вероятность развития мультиорганной дисфункции. Референсные уровни аммиака в крови человека не регламентированы окончательно международными документами. Нормальные значения в основном зависят от методики и используемых реактивов. Формирование гипераммониемии является многофакторным процессом. Основные причины заключаются в нарушении работы печени. В структуре всех причин гипераммониемии доля цирроза печени составляет около 90%, а нецирротических причин — около 10%. Описано множество механизмов нецирротической гипераммониемии. Нецирротическая гипераммониемия может быть результатом повышения давления в печеночных венах, что способно привести к повреждению гепатоцитов и повышению уровня аммиака в сыворотке крови. На сегодняшний день особый интерес у исследователей вызывает развитие гипераммониемии на фоне приема противосудорожных препаратов. Под действием аммиака усиливается экспрессия миостатина, что уменьшает рост мышечной массы, в то же время активируется протеолиз мышц. Поскольку миокард является мышечной тканью, не исключены подобные процессы в кардиомиоцитах. Доказано, что у пациентов с СН уровень аммиака выше, чем без нее. Применение L-орнитин-L-аспартата — одна из основных стратегий коррекции гипераммониемии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На данный момент существует необходимость дальнейшего изучения сочетания ХСН и гипераммониемии, механизмов взаимного влияния, а также факторов риска прогрессирования ХСН на фоне гипераммониемии и проблемы ведения таких пациентов. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To consider modern views on risk factors and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), the main causes of hyperammonemia, the clinical and pathogenetic relationship of hyperammonemia and CHF and approaches to patient management.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. CHF is one of the leading cardiovascular problems today. The prevalence of CHF varies from 0.3% in people aged 20–29 years to 70% in people over 90 years old. In the case of progressive HF, it may be necessary to have a heart transplant or long-term mechanical circulatory support, as well as palliative care, which also requires significant costs. Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (accounts for about 50% of all CHF cases. An increase in the ammonia content in the blood causes a high probability of developing multiorgan dysfunction. Reference levels of ammonia levels in human blood are not definitively regulated by international documents. The normal values mainly depend on the technique and the reagents used. The formation of hyperammonemia is a multifactorial process. The main causes are liver malfunction. In the structure of all causes of hyperammonemia, the proportion of the liver cirrhosis is about 90%, and non-cirrhotic causes — about 10%. Many mechanisms of non-cirrhotic hyperammonemia have been described. Non-cirrhotic hyperammonemia may be the result of increased pressure in the hepatic veins, which can lead to damage to hepatocytes and an increase in serum ammonia levels. To date, researchers are particularly interested in the development of hyperammonemia against the background of taking anticonvulsants. Under the influence of ammonia, the expression of myostatin increases, which reduces the growth of muscle mass, at the same time, muscle proteolysis is activated. Since the myocardium is a muscle tissue, similar processes in cardiomyocytes are not excluded. It has been proven that patients with HF have higher ammonia levels than those without it. The use of L-ornithine-L-aspartate is one of the main strategies for the correction of hyperammonemia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. At the moment, there is a need for further study of the combination of CHF and hyperammonemia, the mechanisms of mutual influence, as well as risk factors for the progression of CHF against the background of hyperammonemia and the problem of managing such patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>гипераммониемия</kwd><kwd>печеночная энцефалопатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>hyperammonemia</kwd><kwd>hepatic encephalopathy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groenewegen A., Rutten F.H., Mosterd A., Hoes A.W. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2020;22(8):1342–56. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1858</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groenewegen A., Rutten F.H., Mosterd A., Hoes A.W. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur. J. 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