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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-8-17-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-227</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOMETABOLIC MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность, анатомо-топографические особенности и клиническое значение миокардиальных «мостиков»: ретроспективное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence, Anatomic-Topographic Features and Clinical Significance of Myocardial Bridges: a Retrospective Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-6459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзоев</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzoev</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирзоев Никита Тагирович - слушатель ординатуры по специальности «терапия»</p><p>194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Academician Lebedev Str., St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mirsoev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-7111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуленин</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulenin</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шуленин Константин Сергеевич - д. м. н., доцент, заместитель начальника кафедры и клиники военно-морской терапии</p><p>198013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Загородный пр-т, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Academician Lebedev Str., St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulenink@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-9938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутелев</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutelev</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутелев Геннадий Геннадьевич - к. м. н., старший преподаватель кафедры и клиники военно-морской терапии</p><p>198013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Загородный пр-т, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Academician Lebedev Str., St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gena08@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1363-6860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкашин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkashin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черкашин Дмитрий Викторович - д. м. н., профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, начальник кафедры и клиники военно-морской терапии</p><p>198013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Загородный пр-т, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Academician Lebedev Str., St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cherkashin_dmitr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-6885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макиев</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makiev</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макиев Руслан Гайозович - д. м. н., доцент, заместитель начальника</p><p>194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Academician Lebedev Str., St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moro5555@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title>КАРДИОМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</issue-title><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мирзоев Н.Т., Шуленин К.С., Кутелев Г.Г., Черкашин Д.В., Макиев Р.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мирзоев Н.Т., Шуленин К.С., Кутелев Г.Г., Черкашин Д.В., Макиев Р.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mirzoev N.T., Shulenin K.S., Kutelev G.G., Cherkashin D.V., Makiev R.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/227">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/227</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Проанализировать распространенность и анатомо-топографические особенности миокардиальных «мостиков» (ММ) и оценить их роль в развитии сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Дизайн. Ретроспективное исследование.Материалы и методы. Исследование проходило в два этапа. На первом этапе для оценки распространенности и анатомо-топографических особенностей ММ проведен ретроспективный анализ регистра из 883 заключений по компьютерной томографической коронарографии (КТ-коронарографии), выполненной в Военно-медицинской академии (ВМедА) им. С.М. Кирова с 2011 по 2021 г. Из оставшихся после первичного просмотра 811 результатов отобраны 117 заключений КТ-коронарографии с ММ, которые в дальнейшем были детально изучены. В 6 случаях исследование дополнено стресс-КТ перфузией миокарда. На втором этапе произведен ретроспективный анализ историй болезни 20 пациентов с ММ, проходивших лечение в ВМедА им. С.М. Кирова с 2017 по 2021 г., с целью оценки клинического значения ММ и их роли в развитии сердечно-сосудистых осложнений.Результаты. По данным КТ-коронарографии, ММ визуализировались у 14,4% пациентов, причем в передней межжелудочковой артерии (ПМЖА) ММ располагались у 84,6% из них, преимущественно в среднем сегменте — 94,9%. Средняя длина ММ в области ПМЖА составила 23 [17; 31] мм, а глубина — 1 [1; 2] мм. Атеросклеротическое поражение ПМЖА, по классификации Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS), выявлено у 58,6% больных, из них в проксимальном сегменте — у 84,5%. По данным стресс-КТ перфузии миокарда, у 3 (50%) бессимптомных пациентов наблюдалась гипоперфузия в сегментах левого желудочка, кровоснабжение которых происходит из ПМЖА и ее ветвей. Среди 20 больных с ММ дислипидемия была у 80%, стенокардия напряжения — у 5 (25%), а нестабильная стенокардия и инфаркт миокарда в анамнезе — по 3 (15%). При оценке липидного спектра отмечалось повышение уровня общего холестерина до 5,47 ± 1,25 ммоль/л и холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности до 3,52 ± 1,04 ммоль/л, другие фракции оставались в пределах нормальных значений. Кроме этого, у лиц с ММ, по данным суточного мониторирования электрокардиограммы, выявлены различные нарушения сердечного ритма и проводимости, включая наджелудочковую и желудочковую экстрасистолии, пробежки наджелудочковой и желудочковой тахикардии, атриовентрикулярные блокады, фибрилляцию и трепетание предсердий, а также паузы более 2,5 секунды.Заключение. Проведенное исследование подтвердило, что ММ преимущественно локализуются в области ПМЖА и в ее среднем сегменте. Кроме того, выявлена высокая частота атеросклеротического поражения проксимального сегмента ПМЖА, по классификации CAD-RADS. Наличие связи ММ с симптомами ишемии миокарда, нарушением липидного обмена, а также различными вариантами аритмий требует поиска новых подходов к ранней визуализации ММ, особенно у бессимптомных пациентов, с целью своевременной диагностики данной патологии и профилактики связанных с ней сердечно-сосудистых осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To analyze the prevalence and anatomic-topographic features of myocardial bridges (MBs) and evaluate their role in the development of cardiovascular complications.Design. А retrospective study.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, to assess the prevalence and anatomic-topographic features of MBs, was retrospectively analyzed a registry of 883 coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) results performed at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy from 2011 to 2021. From the remaining 811 results after the initial review, 117 CCTA with MBs were selected and subjected to further detailed study. In 6 cases the CCTA was supplemented with stress-CT myocardial perfusion. In the second stage, a retrospective analysis of medical histories of 20 patients with MBs who were treated at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy from 2017 to 2021 was performed for assessment the clinical significance of MBs and their role in the development of cardiovascular complications.Results. According to CCTA MBs were visualized in 14.4% of cases, in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) they were diagnosed in 84.6% of them with predominant localization in the middle segment — 94.9%. The mean length of the MBs in the LAD was 23 [17; 31] mm, depth — 1 [1; 2] mm. Atherosclerotic lesion according to classification of Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) of the LAD was detected in 58.6% of cases, of which in the proximal segment — 84.5%. According to stress-CT myocardial perfusion in asymptomatic patients, hypoperfusion was detected in 3 (50%) cases in the segments of the left ventricle, the blood supply of which comes from the LAD and its branches. Among 20 patients with dyslipidemia was detected in 80% of patients with MBs, stable angina was diagnosed in 5 (25%) cases, unstable angina and myocardial infarction — 3 (15%) patients in each cases. The assessment of the lipid spectrum revealed the elevations of total cholesterol to 5.47 ± 1.25 mmol/l and low-density lipoprotein to 3.52 ± 1.04 mmol/l, other fractions remained within normal values. In addition, various heart arrhythmias and conduction disorders were detected by 24-hour electrocardiography monitoring in patients with MBs, including supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles, supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, A-V blockade, atrial fibrillation and flutter and pauses greater than 2.5 seconds.Conclusion. The study confirmed the predominant character of MBs localization in the LAD and its middle segment. In addition, frequent atherosclerotic lesion of proximal segments of LAD by CAD-RADS classification was detected. The presence of association of MBs with symptoms of myocardial ischemia, dyslipidemia, as well as various arrhythmias requires searching of new approaches to early visualization of MBs, especially in the group of asymptomatic patients, in order to diagnose the pathology on time and prevent cardiovascular complications associated with it.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миокардиальный «мостик»</kwd><kwd>аномалия развития</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томографическая коронарография</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>ишемия миокарда</kwd><kwd>нарушения сердечного ритма и проводимости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myocardial bridge</kwd><kwd>developmental abnormality</kwd><kwd>coronary computed tomographic angiography</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>myocardial ischemia</kwd><kwd>heart arrhythmias and conduction disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bockeria L.A., Sukhanov S.G., Orekhova E.N., Shatakhyan M.P. et al. 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