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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-7-48-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-160</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ремиссия и иммунологический профиль пациентов на начальных стадиях шизофрении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Remission and Immunological Profile of Patients in the Initial Stages of Schizophrenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-6208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Наталия Николаевна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии Медицинского института</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrova_nn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-0786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серазетдинова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serazetdinova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серазетдинова Валерия Сергеевна — ассистент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии; заведующая отделением психиатрии  </p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrova_nn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-1654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофейков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeуkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорофейков Владимир Владимирович — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой биохимии</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vdorofeykov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»; ФГБУН «Институт мозга человека имени Н.П. Бехтеревой» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg University; N.P. Bekhtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и здоровья имени П.Ф. Лесгафта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</issue-title><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрова Н.Н., Серазетдинова В.С., Дорофейков В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрова Н.Н., Серазетдинова В.С., Дорофейков В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrova N.N., Serazetdinova V.S., Dorofeуkov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/160">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/160</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение типов ремиссии и уровней периферических воспалительных цитокинов в качестве потенциальных биомаркеров ремиссии у пациентов на ранних стадиях течения шизофрении.</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн</title><p>Дизайн. Натуралистическое исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы 48 пациентов (25 женщин и 23 мужчины) на начальных стадиях шизофрении в период ремиссии (возраст — 28,3 ± 5,8 года). Длительность заболевания составила 2,7 ± 1,3 года, средний возраст начала заболевания — 25,8 ± 5,5 года. Среднее число рецидивов достигало 1,8 ± 0,7. У 19 (40%) пациентов в анамнезе имелся один психотический эпизод, у 24 (50%) — два, у 5 (10%) — три. В группу контроля вошли 86 человек, 38 мужчин и 48 женщин, в возрасте от 18 до 30 лет без психических, аутоиммунных расстройств, обострения хронических соматических заболеваний (стандартная относительно здоровая группа, уровень провоспалительных цитокинов у участников стремился к нулю). В исследовании использовали клинико-психопатологический метод и стандартизированную оценку с помощью шкалы позитивных и негативных симптомов (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Продолжительность ремиссии составила в среднем 11,4 месяца. На ранних этапах шизофрении преобладал параноидн ый тип ремиссии (48%). Тимопатический тип ремиссии имел место в 18% случаев, апатический и ипохондрический — по 10%, псевдопсихопатический — в 8%, астенический — в 6%. Общая психопатологическая симптоматика оказалась наиболее выраженной при ипохондрическом, резидуальная негативная симптоматика — при апатическом типе ремиссии. При ипохондрическом типе выраженность позитивной и негативной симптоматики не различалась, а при параноидном резидуальная позитивная симптоматика преобладала над негативной. Тимопатический тип ремиссии отличался наименьшей выраженностью резидуальной симптоматики. У 70% пациентов на ранних этапах шизофрении выявлено значимое повышение уровней цитокинов в крови по сравнению с таковыми в контрольной группе. В наибольшей степени увеличивались уровни интерлейкинов (IL) 6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, фактора некроза опухоли α, CCL20/MIP3-α (р = 0,001). Уровень IL-22 коррелировал с общим баллом PANSS (r = –0,52; p = 0,008), а уровень IL-6 — с композитным индексом PANSS (разница между суммой баллов позитивных и негативных симптомов) (r = 0,46; p = 0,022). Наиболее сильная цитокиновая реакция наблюдалась при параноидном и псевдопсихопатическом вариантах за счет увеличения содержания IL-6, IL-33 и IL-13. Чем больше длительность настоящей ремиссии, тем ниже были уровни IL-33 (r = –0,45; p = 0,023), IL-17A (r = –0,40; p = 0,049), IL-17F (r = –0,59; p = 0,002).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о важной роли цитокинов в развитии шизофрении. Представленные результаты могут иметь прогностическое значение для оценки стабильности ремиссии, изученные цитокины — служить потенциальными биомаркерами ремиссии шизофрении и терапевтическими мишенями патогенетической терапии. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the types of remission and levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers of remission in patients at the early stages of schizophrenia.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Design. A naturalistic study.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Forty-eight patients (25 women and 23 men) were examined at the initial stages of schizophrenia during the period of remission (age — 28.3 ± 5.8 years). The duration of the disease was 2.7 ± 1.3 years, the average age of disease onset — 25.8 ± 5.5 years. The average number of relapses reached 1.8 ± 0.7. 19 (40%) of patients had one psychotic episode in their anamnesis, 24 (50%) — two, 5 (10%) — three. The control group included 86 people, 38 men and 48 women, aged 18 to 30 years without mental, autoimmune disorders, exacerbation of chronic somatic diseases (standard relatively healthy group, the level of proinflammatory cytokines in participants tended to zero). The study used a clinical and psychopathological method and a standardized assessment using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average duration of remission was 11.4 months. In the early stages of schizophrenia, the paranoid type of remission was predominant (48%). The thymopathic type of remission occurred in 18% of cases, apathetic and hypochondriacal — 10% each, pseudopsychopathic — in 8%, asthenic — in 6%. General psychopathological symptoms were most pronounced in hypochondriacal, residual negative symptoms — in the apathetic type of remission. In the hypochondriacal type, the severity of positive and negative symptoms did not differ, and in the paranoid type, residual positive symptoms prevailed over negative ones. The thymopathic type of remission was distinguished by the least severity of residual symptoms. In 70% of patients in the early stages of schizophrenia, a significant increase in blood cytokine levels was found compared to those in the control group. The levels of interleukins (IL) 6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor α, CCL20/MIP3-α increased to the greatest extent (p = 0.001). The level of IL-22 correlated with the total PANSS score (r = –0.52; p = 0.008), and the level of IL-6 — with the composite PANSS index (the difference between the sum of the scores of positive and negative symptoms) (r = 0.46; p = 0.022). The strongest cytokine reaction was observed in the paranoid and pseudopsychopathic variants due to an increase in the content of IL-6, IL-33 and IL-13. The longer the duration of the present remission, the lower were the levels of IL-33 (r = –0.45; p = 0.023), IL-17A (r = –0.40; p = 0.049), IL-17F (r = –0.59; p = 0.002).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The available data indicate an important role of cytokines in the development of schizophrenia. The presented results may have prognostic value for assessing the stability of remission, the studied cytokines — serve as potential biomarkers of schizophrenia remission and therapeutic targets for pathogenetic therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>первый психотический эпизод</kwd><kwd>ремиссия</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>first psychotic episode</kwd><kwd>remission</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agius M., Agius M., Grech A. The concept of staging in schizophrenia; 13 years after the 'Agius concept of staging' was published. Psychiatr. Danub. 2023;35(suppl.2):104–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agius M., Agius M., Grech A. 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