<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2022-21-1-27-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-134</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рецептивность эндометрия пациенток с повторными неудачами имплантации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endometrium Receptivity in Patients with Repeated Implant Failures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1101-4419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радзинский</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzinsky</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радзинский Виктор Евсеевич — член-корреспондент РАН, д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины Медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radzinsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалёва</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалёва Людмила Михайловна — д. м. н., профессор, директор, заведующая лабораторией клинической морфологии </p><p>117418, г. Москва, ул. Цюрупы, д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Tsyurupa Str., Moscow, 117418 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhalevalm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оразов Мекан Рахимбердыевич — профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины Медицинского института, д. м. н., профессор </p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-3231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силантьева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silantieva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силантьева Елена Сергеевна — д. м. н., заместитель главного врача по реабилитации Клинического госпиталя Лапино </p><p>143081, Московская обл., г. Лапино, 1-е Успенское шоссе, д. 111 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Mozhayskoye Shosse, Moscow, 143081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.silantieva@mcclinics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-5117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камилова</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamilova</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Камилова Дилором Пулатовна — к. м. н., главный специалист по ЭКО ГК «Мать и дитя», врач акушер-гинеколог, репродуктолог клиники </p><p>121374, г. Москва, Можайское шоссе, д. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Mozhayskoye Shosse, Moscow, 143081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kamilova@mcclinics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-968X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мидибер</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Midiber</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мидибер Константин Юрьевич — научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической морфологии; ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии Медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">midiberkonst@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-9266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орехов Роман Евгеньевич — ассистент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины Медицинского института </p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., Moscow, 117198</p><p>3 Tsyurupa Str., Moscow, 117418 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanorekhovv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГК «Мать и дитя»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mother and Child</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» ; ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education) ; A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Радзинский В.Е., Михалёва Л.М., Оразов М.Р., Силантьева Е.С., Камилова Д.П., Мидибер К.Ю., Орехов Р.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Радзинский В.Е., Михалёва Л.М., Оразов М.Р., Силантьева Е.С., Камилова Д.П., Мидибер К.Ю., Орехов Р.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radzinsky V.E., Mikhaleva L.M., Orazov M.R., Silantieva E.S., Kamilova D.P., Midiber K.Y., Orekhov R.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/134">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/134</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: расширить представления о патогенезе нарушений рецептивности у пациенток с повторными неудачами имплантации (ПНИ) в программах экстракорпорального оплодотворения.</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн</title><p>Дизайн: проспективное открытое сравнительное исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 57 женщин в возрасте от 27 до 42 лет (средний возраст составил 36 ± 6,2 года) с клинически верифицированными ПНИ. Группу морфологического контроля составили 30 фертильных женщин. Материалом исследования являлись биоптаты эндометрия, полученные на 5–7-й день после пика концентрации лютеинизирующего гормона в крови (окно имплантации).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В период окна имплантации у пациенток с ПНИ отмечались статистически значимые (р &lt; 0,05) изменения: повышение экспрессии рецепторов эстрогена α в железах в 1,5 раза и в строме в 1,4 раза, экспрессии рецепторов прогестерона A и В в железах в 2,3 раза при одновременном снижении ее в строме в 1,6 раза, очаговое уменьшение экспрессии MUC1 в апикальной поверхности эндометрия, увеличение плотности пиноподий в апикальной поверхности эндометрия в 1,3 раза и экспрессии CD56+ NK-клеток в строме в 2,3 раза, снижение экспрессии CD4+ клеток в 2 раза и рост экспрессии CD8+ клеток в 2,2 раза по сравнению с таковыми в группе морфологического контроля. Уровни фактора Виллебранда и CD34+ в строме эндометрия в период окна имплантации при экспрессии в эндотелии кровеносных сосудов статистически значимо не различались у женщин обеих групп.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Патогенез нарушений рецептивности в эндометрии у пациенток с ПНИ может быть объяснен нарушением экспрессии рецепторов к половым гормонам в строме и железистом компоненте и снижением экспрессии MUC1, увеличением плотности и уменьшением числа зрелых и созревающих пиноподий на апикальной поверхности эндометрия. Обнаруженное увеличенное число экспрессированных CD56+ NK-клеток в эндометрии в период окна имплантации у пациенток обеих групп (у пациенток с ПНИ экспрессия CD56+ значимо выше) в сочетании с выявленным дисбалансом между Т-лимфоцитами объясняет иммунологический компонент патогенеза нарушений имплантации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Study Objective</title><p>Study Objective: To broaden the understanding of the pathogenesis of impaired receptivity in patients with repeated implant failures (RIF) in in vitro fertilisation programs.</p></sec><sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Study Design: Open perspective comparative study.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. 57 women aged 27 to 42 years old (mean age: 36 ± 6.2 years old) with clinically verified RIF. A morphological control group included 30 fertile women. The subject of the study was endometrium biopsy material obtained on day 5–7 of menstruation, following the peak blood concentration of luteinizing hormone (implantation window).</p></sec><sec><title>Study Results</title><p>Study Results. During the implantation window, patients with RIF have statistically significant (р &lt; 0.05) changes: 1.5- and 1.4-fold increase in gland and stromal expression of estrogen α receptors, respectively; 2.3-fold increase in expression of progesterone A and B receptors with simultaneous reduction in stromal expression by 1.6 times; focal reduction in MUC1 expression in apical surface of endometrium; 1.3-fold increase in pinopods density in apical surface of endometrium and 2.3-fold increase in stromal expression of CD56+ NK-cells; 2-fold reduction in CD4+ cell expression, and 2.2-fold increase in CD8+ expression vs morphological controls. During the implantation window, von Willebrand factor and CD34+ levels in endometrial stroma did not demonstrate statistically significant differences when expressed in blood-vessel endothelium.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pathogenesis of impaired receptivity in patients with RIF can be explained with impaired expression of sex hormone receptors in stroma and glandular component and reduced MUC1 expression, increased density and reduced amount of mature and maturating pinopods in apical surface of endometrium. An increased number of expressed CD56+ NK-cells during the implantation window in patients in both groups (in patients with RIF, CD56+ expression is significantly higher) in combination with the found imbalance between Т-lymphocytes can be a cause of the immunological component of impaired implantation pathogenesis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>повторные неудачи имплантации</kwd><kwd>пиноподии</kwd><kwd>MUC1</kwd><kwd>CD56+</kwd><kwd>CD4+</kwd><kwd>CD8+</kwd><kwd>фактор Виллебранда</kwd><kwd>CD34+</kwd><kwd>рецепторы эстрогена α</kwd><kwd>рецепторы прогестерона A и В</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>repeated implant failures</kwd><kwd>pinopods</kwd><kwd>MUC1</kwd><kwd>CD56+</kwd><kwd>CD4+</kwd><kwd>CD8+</kwd><kwd>von Willebrand factor</kwd><kwd>CD34+</kwd><kwd>estrogen α receptors</kwd><kwd>progesterone A and B receptors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Y., Zhang Y., Ma X. et al. Determining diagnostic criteria of unexplained recurrent implantation failure: a ret-rospective study of two vs. three or more implantation failure. Front. Endocrinol. 2021; 12: 619437. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.619437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Y., Zhang Y., Ma X. et al. Determining diagnostic criteria of unexplained recurrent implantation failure: a ret-rospective study of two vs. three or more implantation failure. Front. Endocrinol. 2021; 12: 619437. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.619437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Busnelli A., Reschini M., Cardellicchio L. et al. How common is real repeated implantation failure? An indirect estimate of the prevalence. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2020; 40(1): 91–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.10.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Busnelli A., Reschini M., Cardellicchio L. et al. How common is real repeated implantation failure? An indirect estimate of the prevalence. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2020; 40(1): 91–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.10.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bos-Mikich A., Ferreira M.O., de Oliveira R. et al. Platelet-rich plasma or blood-derived products to improve endometrial receptivity? J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2019; 36(4): 613–20. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1386-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bos-Mikich A., Ferreira M.O., de Oliveira R. et al. Platelet-rich plasma or blood-derived products to improve endometrial receptivity? J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2019; 36(4): 613–20. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1386-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu W., Tal R., Chao H. et al. Effect of local endometrial injury in proliferative vs. luteal phase on IVF outcomes in unselected subfertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2017; 15(1): 75. DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0296-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu W., Tal R., Chao H. et al. Effect of local endometrial injury in proliferative vs. luteal phase on IVF outcomes in unselected subfertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2017; 15(1): 75. DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0296-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simón C., Martín J.C., Pellicer A. Paracrine regulators of implantation. Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2000; 14(5): 815– 26. DOI: 10.1053/beog.2000.0121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simón C., Martín J.C., Pellicer A. Paracrine regulators of implantation. Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2000; 14(5): 815– 26. DOI: 10.1053/beog.2000.0121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оразов М.Р., Орехов Р.Е., Камилова Д.П. и др. Тайны патогенеза повторных неудач имплантации. Трудный пациент. 2020; 18(4): 43–8. DOI: 10.24411/2074-1995-2020-10030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orazov M.R., Orekhov R.E., Kamilova D.P. et al. Secrets of pathogenesis in repeated implantation failure. Difficult Patient. 2020; 18(4): 43–8. (in Russian). DOI: 10.24411/2074-1995-2020-10030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dain L., Ojha K., Bider D. et al. Effect of local endometrial injury on pregnancy outcomes in ovum donation cycles. Fertil. Steril. 2014; 102(4): 1048–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dain L., Ojha K., Bider D. et al. Effect of local endometrial injury on pregnancy outcomes in ovum donation cycles. Fertil. Steril. 2014; 102(4): 1048–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastu E., Demiral I., Gunel T. et al. Potential marker pathways in the endometrium that may cause recurrent implantation failure. Reprod. Sci. 2019; 26(7): 879–90. DOI: 10.1177/1933719118792104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastu E., Demiral I., Gunel T. et al. Potential marker pathways in the endometrium that may cause recurrent implantation failure. Reprod. Sci. 2019; 26(7): 879–90. DOI: 10.1177/1933719118792104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaenens L., Lierman S., De Clerck L. et al. Endometrial stromal cell proteome mapping in repeated implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss cases and fertile women. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2019; 38(3): 442–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaenens L., Lierman S., De Clerck L. et al. Endometrial stromal cell proteome mapping in repeated implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss cases and fertile women. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2019; 38(3): 442–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айламазян Э.К., Толибова Г.Х., Траль Т.Г. и др. Новые подходы к оценке эндометриальной дисфункции. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2017; 66(3): 8–15. DOI: 10.17816/JOWD6638-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aylamazyan E.K., Tolibova G.Kh., Tral T.G. et al. New approaches to the estimation of endometrial dysfunctionю Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases. 2017; 66(3): 8–15. (in Russian). DOI: 10.17816/JOWD6638-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craciunas L., Gallos I., Chu J. et al. Conventional and modern markers of endometrial receptivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2019; 25(2): 202–23. DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craciunas L., Gallos I., Chu J. et al. Conventional and modern markers of endometrial receptivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2019; 25(2): 202–23. DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramathal C.Y., Bagchi I.C., Taylor R.N. et al. Endometrial decidualization: of mice and men. Semin. Reprod. Med. 2010; 28(1): 17–26. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1242989</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramathal C.Y., Bagchi I.C., Taylor R.N. et al. Endometrial decidualization: of mice and men. Semin. Reprod. Med. 2010; 28(1): 17–26. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1242989</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Critchley H.O., Saunders P.T. Hormone receptor dynamics in a receptive human endometrium. Reprod. Sci. 2009; 16(2): 191–9. DOI: 10.1177/1933719108331121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Critchley H.O., Saunders P.T. Hormone receptor dynamics in a receptive human endometrium. Reprod. Sci. 2009; 16(2): 191–9. DOI: 10.1177/1933719108331121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Namiki T., Ito J., Kashiwazaki N. Molecular mechanisms of embryonic implantation in mammals: Lessons from the gene manipulation of mice. Reprod. Med. Biol. 2018; 17(4): 331–42. DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Namiki T., Ito J., Kashiwazaki N. Molecular mechanisms of embryonic implantation in mammals: Lessons from the gene manipulation of mice. Reprod. Med. Biol. 2018; 17(4): 331–42. DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lydon J.P., DeMayo F.J., Funk C.R. et al. Mice lacking progesterone receptor exhibit pleiotropic reproductive abnormalities. Genes. Dev. 1995; 9(18): 2266–78. DOI: 10.1101/gad.9.18.2266</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lydon J.P., DeMayo F.J., Funk C.R. et al. Mice lacking progesterone receptor exhibit pleiotropic reproductive abnormalities. Genes. Dev. 1995; 9(18): 2266–78. DOI: 10.1101/gad.9.18.2266</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gellersen B., Brosens J.J. Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. Endocr. Rev. 2014; 35(6): 851–905. DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gellersen B., Brosens J.J. Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. Endocr. Rev. 2014; 35(6): 851–905. DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1045</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia E., Bouchard P., De Brux J. et al. Use of immunocytochemistry of progesterone and estrogen receptors for endometrial dating. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1988; 67(1): 80–7. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-67-1-80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia E., Bouchard P., De Brux J. et al. Use of immunocytochemistry of progesterone and estrogen receptors for endometrial dating. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1988; 67(1): 80–7. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-67-1-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee D.K., Kurihara I., Jeong J.W. et al. Suppression of ERalpha activity by COUP-TFII is essential for successful implantation and decidualization. Mol. Endocrinol. 2010; 24(5): 930–40. DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee D.K., Kurihara I., Jeong J.W. et al. Suppression of ERalpha activity by COUP-TFII is essential for successful implantation and decidualization. Mol. Endocrinol. 2010; 24(5): 930–40. DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastu E., Mutlu M.F., Yasa C. et al. Role of mucin 1 and glycodelin A in recurrent implantation failure. Fertil. Steril. 2015; 103(4): 1059–64.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.01.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastu E., Mutlu M.F., Yasa C. et al. Role of mucin 1 and glycodelin A in recurrent implantation failure. Fertil. Steril. 2015; 103(4): 1059–64.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.01.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu F., Chen X., Liu Y. et al. Decreased MUC1 in endometrium is an independent receptivity marker in recurrent implantation failure during implantation window. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2018; 16(1): 60. DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0379-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu F., Chen X., Liu Y. et al. Decreased MUC1 in endometrium is an independent receptivity marker in recurrent implantation failure during implantation window. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2018; 16(1): 60. DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0379-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hey N.A., Li T.C., Devine P.L. et al. MUC1 in secretory phase endometrium: expression in precisely dated biopsies and flushings from normal and recurrent miscarriage patients. Hum. Reprod. 1995; 10(10): 2655–62. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135762</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hey N.A., Li T.C., Devine P.L. et al. MUC1 in secretory phase endometrium: expression in precisely dated biopsies and flushings from normal and recurrent miscarriage patients. Hum. Reprod. 1995; 10(10): 2655–62. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135762</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin X.Y., Zhao L.J. Luo D.H. et al. Pinopode score around the time of implantation is predictive of successful implantation following frozen embryo transfer in hormone replacement cycles. Hum. Reprod. 2017; 32(12): 2394–403. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex312</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin X.Y., Zhao L.J. Luo D.H. et al. Pinopode score around the time of implantation is predictive of successful implantation following frozen embryo transfer in hormone replacement cycles. Hum. Reprod. 2017; 32(12): 2394–403. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex312</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiong Z., Jie H., Yonggang W. et al. Clinical validation of pinopode as a marker of endometrial receptivity: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil. Steril. 2017; 108(3): 513–17.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j. fertnstert.2017.07.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiong Z., Jie H., Yonggang W. et al. Clinical validation of pinopode as a marker of endometrial receptivity: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil. Steril. 2017; 108(3): 513–17.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j. fertnstert.2017.07.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moffett A., Shreeve N. First do no harm: uterine natural killer (NK) cells in assisted reproduction. Hum. Reprod. 2015; 30(7): 1519–25. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moffett A., Shreeve N. First do no harm: uterine natural killer (NK) cells in assisted reproduction. Hum. Reprod. 2015; 30(7): 1519–25. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwak-Kim J., Gilman-Sachs A. Clinical implication of natural killer cells and reproduction. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2008; 59(5): 388– 400. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00596.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwak-Kim J., Gilman-Sachs A. Clinical implication of natural killer cells and reproduction. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2008; 59(5): 388– 400. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00596.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Renzo G.C., Giardina I., Clerici G. et al. Progesterone in normal and pathological pregnancy. Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig. 2016; 27(1): 35–48. DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Renzo G.C., Giardina I., Clerici G. et al. Progesterone in normal and pathological pregnancy. Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig. 2016; 27(1): 35–48. DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szekeres-Bartho J. The role of progesterone in feto-maternal immunological cross talk. Med. Princ. Pract. 2018; 27(4): 301–7. DOI: 10.1159/000491576</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szekeres-Bartho J. The role of progesterone in feto-maternal immunological cross talk. Med. Princ. Pract. 2018; 27(4): 301–7. DOI: 10.1159/000491576</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
