<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2022-21-8-82-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Анна Каренина»: суицидологический анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Anna Karenina”: a Suicidological Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-5009</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистопольская</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistopolskaya</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чистопольская Ксения Анатольевна — младший научный сотрудник отделения суицидологии</p><p>107076, г. Москва, ул. Потешная, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Poteshnaya Str., Moscow, 107076</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chistopolskaya.k@serbsky.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-424X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ениколопов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Enikolopov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ениколопов Сергей Николаевич — к. психол. н., доцент, руководитель отдела клинической психологии</p><p>115230, г. Москва, Каширское ш., д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115230</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enikolopov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский институт психиатрии — филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. Сербского» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Psychiatric Research Institute, a branch of the V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology (a Federal Government-funded Institution) Russian Federation Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center (a Federal Government-funded Academic Institution)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ. ПСИХИАТРИЯ</issue-title><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чистопольская К.А., Ениколопов С.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чистопольская К.А., Ениколопов С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chistopolskaya K.A., Enikolopov S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/133">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/133</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: проанализировать одно из самых популярных произведений Л.Н. Толстого "Анна Каренина" с позиции актуальных суицидологических теорий, начиная с социологической модели Э. Дюркгейма.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. В романе представлены четыре описания суицидального поведения героев: контрастные эго-дистонные переживания Левина, суицидальная попытка Вронского, завершенный суицид Карениной и отъезд Вронского на фронт. В статье проводятся параллели между этим поведением и четырьмя типами суицида по Э. Дюркгейму: аномический, эгоистический, фаталистический и альтруистический. Кроме того, в романе описываются радикальные перемены в мировоззрении главных героев после событий, приводящих их к осознанию своей смертной природы, что соответствует теории управления страхом смерти в социально-экспериментальной психологии и работам антрополога Э. Беккера. В статье также рассматривается пресуицид Анны с точки зрения модели нарративного суицидального кризиса И. Галынкера.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, роман «Анна Каренина» способен помочь специалистам в изучении суицидологических теорий, поскольку еще до их появления Л.Н. Толстой подробно описал феноменологию суицидальных переживаний и механизмы защиты от страха смерти.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective of the Review</title><p>Objective of the Review: to analyze one of the most popular L. Tolstoy’s works “Anna Karenina” by showing that it illustrates classic and contemporary theories of suicide, starting from the sociological study of suicide by E. Durkheim.</p></sec><sec><title>Key Points</title><p>Key Points. The novel depicts four episodes of suicidal behavior: ego-dystonic thoughts (Lewin), suicide attempt (Vronsky), completed suicide (Anna) and volunteer fighters (Vronsky and other men going to war). The article draws parallels with four types of suicide according to E. Durkheim: anomic, egoistic, fatalistic and altruistic. Besides, the paper points out changes in worldviews of the main characters that happen after their mortality was made salient, which corresponds to Terror Management Theory in social psychology and works of cultural anthropologist E. Becker. In the end, we look at Anna’s presuicidal state from the point of view of Narrative Crisis Model of Suicide by I. Galynker.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, the novel “Anna Karenina” can help specialists in studying various theories of suicidal behavior, as L. Tolstoy carefully depicted the phenomenology of suicidal feelings and mechanisms of psychological defense from the fears of death, even before suicidology was established as a science.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>самоубийство</kwd><kwd>Дюркгейм</kwd><kwd>теория управления страхом смерти</kwd><kwd>модель нарративного суицидального кризиса</kwd><kwd>синдром суицидального кризиса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>suicide</kwd><kwd>Durkheim</kwd><kwd>Terror Management Theory</kwd><kwd>Narrative Crisis Model of Suicide</kwd><kwd>Suicide Crisis Syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толстой Л.Н. Анна Каренина. М.; 1981. 799 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstoy L.N. Anna Karenina. Moscow; 1981. 799 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чистопольская К.А., Ениколопов С.Н. О связи стигмы психической болезни и суицидального поведения // Российский психиатрический журнал, 2018; (2): 10–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistopolskaya K.A., Enikolopov S.N. On the interrelation of mental health stigma and suicidal behavior. Russian Journal of Psychiatry. 2018; (2): 10–18. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руженкова В.В. Стигматизация суицидентов (клинико-социальный и реабилитационно-профилактический аспекты): дис. …канд. мед. наук. Белгород; 2016. 221 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruzhenkova V.V. Stigmatization of suicidal people (clinical-social and rehabilitativeprophylactic aspects): PhD thesis in Medicine. Belgorod; 2016. 221 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басинский П. Подлинная история Анны Карениной. М.; 2022. 379 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basinsky P. A genuine story of Anna Karenina. Moscow; 2022. 379 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толстой Л.Н. Не могу молчать: статьи о войне, насилии, любви, безверии и непротивлении злу. М.; 2022. 332 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolstoy L.N. I cannot be silent: articles about war, violence, love, lack of faith and non-resistance to evil. Moscow; 2022. 332 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker E. The revolution in psychiatry: the new understanding of man. N.Y.; 1964. 276 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker E. The revolution in psychiatry: the new understanding of man. N.Y.; 1964. 276 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T., Solomon S. The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: а terror management theory. In: Baumeister R.F. (ed.) Public self and private self. N.Y.; 1986. P. 189–212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T., Solomon S. The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: а terror management theory. In: Baumeister R.F. (ed.) Public self and private self. N.Y.; 1986. P. 189–212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чистопольская К.А., Ениколопов С.Н. Теория управления страхом смерти: основы, критика и развитие. Вопросы психологии. 2014; (2): 125–142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistopolskaya K.A., Enikolopov S.N. The theory of controlling the fear of death: foundations, criticism, development. Voprosy Psykhologii. 2014; (2): 125–142. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomon S., Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T. Tales from the crypt: on the role of death in life. Zygon. 1998; 33(1): 9–43. DOI: 10.1111/0591-2385.1241998124</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomon S., Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T. Tales from the crypt: on the role of death in life. Zygon. 1998; 33(1): 9–43. DOI: 10.1111/0591-2385.1241998124</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюркгейм Э. Самоубийство: социологический этюд. М.; 1994. 400 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durkheim E. Suicide: a sociological study. Moscow; 1994. 400 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J. Теория суицидального напряжения: Сообщение II. Суицидология. 2020; 11(3): 84–100. DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.20-11-03(40)-84-100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J. The strain theory of suicide. Message II. Suicidology. 2020; 11(3): 84–100. (In Russian). DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.20-11-03(40)-84-100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker E. The denial of death. N.Y.; 1973. 315 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker E. The denial of death. N.Y.; 1973. 315 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслоу А. На подступах к психологии бытия. Киев; 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslow A. Toward a psychology of being. Kiev; 2003. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dechesne M., Pyszczynski T., Arndt J. et al. Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on selfesteem striving in response to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003; 84(4): 722–737. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.722</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dechesne M., Pyszczynski T., Arndt J. et al. Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on selfesteem striving in response to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003; 84(4): 722–737. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.722</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galynker I. The suicidal crisis: clinical guide to the assessment of imminent suicidal risk. Oxford; 2017. 328 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galynker I. The suicidal crisis: clinical guide to the assessment of imminent suicidal risk. Oxford; 2017. 328 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чистопольская К.А., Rogers M.L., Cao E. и др. Адаптация «Опросника суицидального нарратива» на российской выборке. Суицидология. 2020; 11(4): 76–90. DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.20-11-04(41)-76-90</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistopolskaya К.А., Rogers M.L., Cao E. et al. Adaptation of the suicidal narrative inventory in a Russian sample. Suicidology. 2020; 11(4): 76–90. (In Russian). DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.20-11-04(41)-76-90</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сыроквашина К.В. Современные психологические модели суицидального поведения в подростковом возрасте. Консультативная психология и психотерапия. 2017; 25(3): 60–75. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2017250304</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syrokvashina K.V. Modern psychological models of suicidal behavior. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2017; 25(3): 60–75. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2017250304</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Connor R.C., Kirtley O.J. The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 2018; 373(1754): 20170268. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Connor R.C., Kirtley O.J. The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 2018; 373(1754): 20170268. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0268</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joiner T. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge; 2005. 288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joiner T. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge; 2005. 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wrosch C., Scheier M.F. Personality and quality of life: The importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Quality of Life Research. 2003; 12: 59–72. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023529606137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wrosch C., Scheier M.F. Personality and quality of life: The importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Quality of Life Research. 2003; 12: 59–72. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023529606137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рассказова Е.И. Апробация русскоязычной версии шкалы отказа и смены цели. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 14. Психология. 2018; (2): 100–117. DOI: 10.11621/vsp.2018.02.100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasskazova E.I. Validation of the Russian version of the goal disengagement and goal re-engagement scale. Moscow University Psychology Bulletin. 2018; (2): 100–117. (In Russian). DOI: 10.11621/vsp.2018.02.100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чистопольская К.А., Rogers M.L., Ениколопов С.Н. и др. Адаптация «Опросника суицидального кризиса» (SCI-2) на российской интернет-выборке во время эпидемии COVID-19. Суицидология. 2022; 13(1): 88–104. DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.22-13-01(46)-88-104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistopolskaya K.A., Rogers M.L., Enikolopov S.N. et al. Adaptation of the Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI-2) in a Russian internet sample during the COVID-19 epidemic. Suicidology. 2022; 13(1): 88–104 (In Russian). DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.22-13-01(46)-88-104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнейдман Э. Душа самоубийцы. М.; 2001. 315 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shneidman E. The suicidal mind. Moscow; 2001. 315 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
