<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-5-7-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО И ПЕРИНАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS AND PERINATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности фетоплацентарного комплекса и перинатальные исходы у беременных, перенесших СOVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the Fetoplacental Complex and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women Who Suffered COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9945-3848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владимировна Игнатко, д. м. н., профессор РАН, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующая кафедрой</p><p>лечебный факультет; кафедра акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии</p><p>119991; ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya Str., 2, build. 4; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ignatko_i_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-7630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меграбян</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Megrabyan</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арен Дереникович Меграбян, аспирант</p><p>лечебный факультет; кафедра акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии</p><p>119991; ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya Str., 2, build. 4; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arentek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Евгеньевна Кузьмина, к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>лечебный факультет; кафедра акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии</p><p>119991; ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya Str., 2, build. 4; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arentek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>Ф. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>F. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатима Назимовна Алиева, аспирант</p><p>лечебный факультет; кафедра акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии</p><p>119991; ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya Str., 2, build. 4; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fatima1alieva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мэлек</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melek</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мила Ислам кызы Мэлек, аспирант</p><p>лечебный факультет; кафедра акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии</p><p>119991; ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119991; Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya Str., 2, build. 4; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melek15293@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Игнатко И.В., Меграбян А.Д., Кузьмина Т.Е., Алиева Ф.Н., Мэлек М.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Игнатко И.В., Меграбян А.Д., Кузьмина Т.Е., Алиева Ф.Н., Мэлек М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ignatko I.V., Megrabyan A.D., Kuzmina T.E., Alieva F.N., Melek M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/132">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/132</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования: анализ особенностей комплексной лабораторно-инструментальной оценки состояния фетоплацентарного комплекса и перинатальные исходы у беременных, перенесших COVID-19 в разные сроки гестации.</p></sec><sec><title>   Дизайн исследования</title><p>   Дизайн исследования. Одноцентровое проспективное когортное сравнительное исследование за период с апреля 2020 г. по март 2023 г. Проведено обследование 625 беременных, перенесших COVID-19 разной степени тяжести на разных сроках гестации, наблюдавшихся и родоразрешенных в ГКБ имени С.С. Юдина ДЗ г. Москвы.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 700 беременных: 625 женщин, перенесших COVID-19 разной степени тяжести на разных сроках гестации (основная группа), и 75 c нормальной беременностью (группа сравнения), не болевшие COVID-19 и не иммунизированные. Беременные, перенесшие COVID-19, были разделены на группы в зависимости от срока гестации: I триместр — 32 (5,1 %) женщины, II триместр — 168 (26,9 %), III триместр — 425 (68,0 %). Всем пациенткам проводилось ультразвуковое обследование, включающее эхографию с биометрией в соответствии с принятыми протоколами для срока гестации, 1 и 2 скрининговые исследования по программе Astraia и по протоколам, принятым в г. Москве; допплерометрия в маточных артериях, артерии пуповины, средней мозговой артерии, венозном протоке плода; оценка локализации, толщины и структурности плаценты, количества и качества околоплодных вод; кардиотокография. По результатам первичного ультразвукового обследования по показаниям проводили неинвазивное пренатальное тестирование, терапевтический амниоцентез и амниодренирование.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Статистически достоверно отличалась частота практически всех параметров нарушения состояния фетоплацентарного комплекса, причем наиболее значимыми по сравнению с контрольной группой оказались различия в частоте нарушений маточно-плацентарного кровотока, особенно среди женщин, перенесших COVID-19 в первую половину гестации, гестационного сахарного диабета (среди всех групп женщин с COVID-19), анемии разной степени тяжести. Значимой оказалась также частота маловодия, причем в 19 (16,1 %) наблюдениях из 118 — это было выраженное маловодие и ангидрамнион в III триместре гестации. Обращает на себя внимание большая частота тромботических осложнений у женщин, особенно перенесших COVID-19 в сроки 22–38 нед беременности, что требует расширения показаний к профилактике данного вида патологии у женщин, перенесших даже легкие и среднетяжелые формы заболевания, в том числе с применением низкомолекулярных гепаринов. Трем (5,4 %) женщинам с многоводием из 56 потребовалось проведение амниодренирования.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Исходя из полученных нами данных и анализа данных литературы можно сделать заключение, что краткосрочные и долгосрочные последствия для развития детей от матерей, переболевших во время беременности COVID-19, являются настораживающими, требуют дополнительного диагностического поиска и динамического постнатального наблюдения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim: Analysis of the features of a comprehensive laboratory and instrumental assessment of the state of the fetoplacental complex and perinatal outcomes in the be-radiation, which have undergone a new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-COV-2, at different stage of gestation.</p></sec><sec><title>   Design</title><p>   Design. The one-central prospective cohort comparative study for the period from April 2020 to March 2023 conducted a survey of 625 pregnant women who underwent COVID-19 of varying severity at different gestation periods observed in the Moscow Hospital named after S.S. Yudin.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. The study included 700 pregnant women: 625 women who have undergone COVID-19 of varying severity at different gestation periods (main group) and 75 with a normal pregnancy without COVID-19 (comparison group). Pregnant women who have undergone a new coronavirus infection were divided into groups depending on the gestation period: I trimester — 32 (5.1 %), II trimester — 168 women (26.9 %), III trimester — 425 (68.0 %). All patients conducted an ultrasound examination, including echography with biometria in accordance with the adopted protocols for the gestation, 1 and 2 screening studies under the Astraia program and on protocols adopted in Moscow; Dopplerometry in the uterine arteries, the arteries of the fetal-placental, the middle cerebral artery, the venous duct of the fetus; assessment of localization, thickness and structurality of the placenta; the amount and quality of amniotic fluid; cardiotocography. Based on the results of the primary ultrasound examination according to the indications, non -invasive prenatal testing, therapeutic amniocentesis and amniodrainage were carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The frequency of almost all parameters of violation of the state of the fetoplacental complex was statistically distinguished, the differences in the frequency of violations of the uterine-placental blood flow, especially among women who transferred COVID-19 to the first half of gestation, were most significant in comparison with the control group (among the gestational-hay diabetes (among all groups of women with NCI), anemia of varying severity. The frequency of low water also turned out to be significant, and in 19 observations of 118 (16.1 %) — this was a pronounced inexumpit and anhydramnion in the III trimester of gestation. The large frequency of thrombotic complications in women who have been the COVID-19 in terms of 22–38 weeks of pregnancy is noteworthy, which requires the expansion of indications for the prevention of a given type of pathology in women, including with the use of NMGs who have suffered even easy and moderate forms of the disease. 3 women with multi-guide (3/56 (5.4 %)) required amnio-adiralization.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Based on the data we have received and the analysis of the literature, we can conclude that short-term and long-term consequences for the development of children from mothers who have arisen during pregnancy COVID-19 are alarming, requiring an additional diagnostic search and dynamic postnatal observation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>эхография</kwd><kwd>допплерометрия при беременности</kwd><kwd>кардиотокография</kwd><kwd>система мать–плацента–плод</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>new coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>echography</kwd><kwd>dopplerometry during pregnancy</kwd><kwd>cardiotocography</kwd><kwd>mother–placenta–fetus system</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was not supported by any external sources of funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villar J., Ariff S., Gunier R.B. et al. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality among pregnant women with and without COVID-19 infection: the INTERCOVID multinational cohort study. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(8):817–826. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villar J., Ariff S., Gunier R.B. et al. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality among pregnant women with and without COVID-19 infection: the INTERCOVID multinational cohort study. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(8):817–826. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giuliani F., Oros D., Gunier R.B. et al. Effects of prenatal exposure to maternal COVID-19 and perinatal care on neonatal outcome: results from the INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2022;227(3):488.e1–е488.e17. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giuliani F., Oros D., Gunier R.B. et al. Effects of prenatal exposure to maternal COVID-19 and perinatal care on neonatal outcome: results from the INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2022;227(3):488.e1–е488.e17. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charuta A., Smuniewska M., Woźniak Z., Paziewska A. Effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonate's vital parameters : a systematic review. J. Pregnancy. 2023;2023:3015072. DOI: 10.1155/2023/3015072</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charuta A., Smuniewska M., Woźniak Z., Paziewska A. Effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonate's vital parameters : a systematic review. J. Pregnancy. 2023;2023:3015072. DOI: 10.1155/2023/3015072</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pashaei Z., SeyedAlinaghi S., Qaderi K. et al. Prenatal and neonatal complications of COVID-19 : a systematic review. Health Sci. Rep. 2022;5(2):e510. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.510</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pashaei Z., SeyedAlinaghi S., Qaderi K. et al. Prenatal and neonatal complications of COVID-19 : a systematic review. Health Sci. Rep. 2022;5(2):e510. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.510</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernández-Díaz S., Smith L.H., Wyszynski D.F., Rasmussen S.A. First trimester COVID-19 and the risk of major congenital malformations — International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy. Birth Defects Res. 2022;114(15):906–914. DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernández-Díaz S., Smith L.H., Wyszynski D.F., Rasmussen S.A. First trimester COVID-19 and the risk of major congenital malformations — International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy. Birth Defects Res. 2022;114(15):906–914. DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenbloom J.I., Raghuraman N., Carter E.B., Kelly J.C. Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021;224(6):623–624. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenbloom J.I., Raghuraman N., Carter E.B., Kelly J.C. Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021;224(6):623–624. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Triebwasser J.E., Dhudasia M.B., Mukhopadhyay S. et al. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2022;227(4):664–666.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Triebwasser J.E., Dhudasia M.B., Mukhopadhyay S. et al. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2022;227(4):664–666.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрова У.Л., Шмаков Р.Г. Новая коронавирусная инфекция 2019 и беременность: что мы знаем. Акушерство и гинекология. 2022;2:4–11. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2022.2.4-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrova U.L., Shmakov R.G. The 2019 novel coronavirus infection and pregnancy: what do we know? Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022;2:4–11. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2022.2.4-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гашимова Н.Р., Панкратьева Л.Л., Бицадзе В.О. и др. Внутриутробная активация иммунной системы плода в ответ на COVID-19 у матери. Акушерство, гинекология и репродукция. 2023;17(2):188–201. DOI: 10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.404</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gashimova N.R., Pankratyeva L.L., Bitsadze V.O. et al. Intrauterine activation of the fetal immune system in response to maternal COVID-19. Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction. 2023;17(2):188–201. (in Russian). DOI: 10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.404</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papapanou M., Papaioannou M., Petta A. et al. Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy : an overview of systematic reviews. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021;18:596. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020596</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papapanou M., Papaioannou M., Petta A. et al. Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy : an overview of systematic reviews. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021;18:596. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020596</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allotey J., Stallings E., Bonet M. et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy : living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allotey J., Stallings E., Bonet M. et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy : living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3320</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gurol-Urganci I., Jardine J.E., Carroll F. et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of birth in England: national cohort study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021;225(5):522.e1–522.e11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.05.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurol-Urganci I., Jardine J.E., Carroll F. et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of birth in England: national cohort study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021;225(5):522.e1–522.e11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.05.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vercoutere A., Zina M.J., Benoit K. et al. Late miscarriage and stillbirth in asymptomatic and symptomatic hospitalised pregnant women in Belgium during the first and second waves of COVID-19: a prospective nationwide population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):356. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05624-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vercoutere A., Zina M.J., Benoit K. et al. Late miscarriage and stillbirth in asymptomatic and symptomatic hospitalised pregnant women in Belgium during the first and second waves of COVID-19: a prospective nationwide population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):356. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05624-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz D.A. Stillbirth after COVID-19 in unvaccinated mothers can result from SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, placental insufficiency, and hypoxic ischemic fetal demise, not direct fetal infection: potential role of maternal vaccination in pregnancy. Viruses. 2022;14(3):458. DOI: 10.3390/v14030458</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz D.A. Stillbirth after COVID-19 in unvaccinated mothers can result from SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, placental insufficiency, and hypoxic ischemic fetal demise, not direct fetal infection: potential role of maternal vaccination in pregnancy. Viruses. 2022;14(3):458. DOI: 10.3390/v14030458</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho-Sauer R., Flores-Ortiz R., Costa M.D.C.N. et al. Fetal death as an outcome of acute respiratory distress in pregnancy, during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study in Bahia, Brazil. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):320. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05601-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho-Sauer R., Flores-Ortiz R., Costa M.D.C.N. et al. Fetal death as an outcome of acute respiratory distress in pregnancy, during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study in Bahia, Brazil. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):320. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05601-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Косолапова Ю.А., Борис Д.А., Полуденко Н.Д. и др. Влияние новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, перенесенной женщинами во время беременности, на состояние здоровья новорожденных детей. Акушерство и гинекология. 2022;11:90–98. – Kosolapova Yu.A., Boris D.A., Poludenko N.D. Impact of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) experienced by pregnant women on the health of newborns. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022;11:90–98. (in Russian). DOI: 10.18565/aig.2022.11.90-98</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Косолапова Ю.А., Борис Д.А., Полуденко Н.Д. и др. Влияние новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, перенесенной женщинами во время беременности, на состояние здоровья новорожденных детей. Акушерство и гинекология. 2022;11:90–98. – Kosolapova Yu.A., Boris D.A., Poludenko N.D. Impact of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) experienced by pregnant women on the health of newborns. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022;11:90–98. (in Russian). DOI: 10.18565/aig.2022.11.90-98</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shmakov R.G., Prikhodko A., Polushkina E. et al. Clinical course of novel COVID-19 infection in pregnant women. J. Matern. Neonatal Med. 2022;35(23):4431–4437. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1850683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shmakov R.G., Prikhodko A., Polushkina E. et al. Clinical course of novel COVID-19 infection in pregnant women. J. Matern. Neonatal Med. 2022;35(23):4431–4437. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1850683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
