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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">docru</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доктор.Ру</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-2378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2994</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "ГК "РУСМЕДИКАЛ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31550/1727-2378-2022-21-1-21-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">docru-129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повторные неудачи имплантации. Патогенез иммунологических нарушений в эндометрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Repeated Implant Failures. Pathogenesis of Immunological Disorders in Endometrium</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалёва</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалёва Людмила Михайловна (автор для переписки) — д. м. н., профессор, директор, заведующая лабораторией клинической морфологии </p><p>117418, г. Москва, ул. Цюрупы, д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Tsyurupa Str., Moscow, 117418 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhalevalm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оразов Мекан Рахимбердыевич — профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины Медицинского института, д. м. н., профессор </p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., Moscow, 117198 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-3231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силантьева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silantieva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силантьева Елена Сергеевна — д. м. н., заместитель главного врача по реабилитации Клинического госпиталя Лапино </p><p>143081, Московская обл., г. Лапино, 1-е Успенское шоссе, д. 111 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Mozhayskoye Shosse, Moscow, 143081 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.silantieva@mcclinics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-5117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камилова</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamilova</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камилова Дилором Пулатовна — к. м. н., главный специалист по ЭКО; врач акушер-гинеколог, репродуктолог клиники</p><p>121374, г. Москва, Можайское шоссе, д. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Mozhayskoye Shosse, Moscow, 143081 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kamilova@mcclinics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-968X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мидибер</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Midiber</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мидибер Константин Юрьевич — научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической морфологии; ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии Медицинского института</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Tsyurupa Str., Moscow, 117418 </p><p>6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., Moscow, 117198 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">midiberkonst@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-9266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орехов Роман Евгеньевич — ассистент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины Медицинского института </p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., Moscow, 117198 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanorekhovv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГК «Мать и дитя»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mother and Child</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына» ; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology ; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михалёва Л.М., Оразов М.Р., Силантьева Е.С., Камилова Д.П., Мидибер К.Ю., Орехов Р.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михалёва Л.М., Оразов М.Р., Силантьева Е.С., Камилова Д.П., Мидибер К.Ю., Орехов Р.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhaleva L.M., Orazov M.R., Silantieva E.S., Kamilova D.P., Midiber K.Y., Orekhov R.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/129">https://docru.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/129</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: расширить представления об иммунологических аспектах патогенеза имплантационной несостоятельности эндометрия у пациенток с повторными неудачами имплантации (ПНИ) в программах экстракорпорального оплодотворения.</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн</title><p>Дизайн: проспективное открытое сравнительное исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 57 женщин в возрасте от 27 до 42 лет (средний возраст составил 36 ± 6,2 года) с клинически верифицированными ПНИ. Группу морфологического контроля составили 30 фертильных женщин, имевших в анамнезе 2 и более родов доношенными здоровыми детьми и не имевших нарушений фертильности, давших добровольное информированное согласие на участие в исследовании. Материалом исследования являлись биоптаты эндометрия, полученные на 8–10-й день менструального цикла (средняя стадия фазы пролиферации).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В настоящем исследовании в биоптатах эндометрия пациенток, страдающих ПНИ, в средней стадии фазы пролиферации в строме эндометрия отмечены статистически значимые (p &lt; 0,05) изменения: повышение экспрессии клеток CD56+ в 1,9 раза и CD8+ в 1,5 раза, снижение экспрессии клеток CD4+ в 2,2 раза и нарушение соотношения CD8+/CD4+ в сторону CD8+ по сравнению с таковыми в группе морфологического контроля.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В основе патогенеза имплантационной несостоятельности у пациенток с ПНИ лежит иммунологический дисбаланс в строме эндометрия, субстратом которого являются недостаточные концентрации проангиогенных NK-клеток, регуляторных супрессивных Т-хелперов, а также повышение плотности цитотоксического класса NK- и Т-клеток, что формирует два ключевых звена патогенеза — снижение иммунологической толерантности к полуаллогенной бластоцисте и нарушение процессов нормального ангиогенеза в строме эндометрия женщин с ПНИ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Study Objective</title><p>Study Objective: To broaden the understanding of the immunological aspects of implantation incompetence of endometrium in patients with repeated implant failures (RIF) in in vitro fertilisation programs.</p></sec><sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Study Design: Open perspective comparative study.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. 57 women aged 27 to 42 years old (mean age: 36 ± 6.2 years old) with clinically verified RIF. A morphological control group included 30 fertile women with a history of at least 2 deliveries of full-term healthy children and without fertility disorders, who signed a voluntary informed consent to take part in the study. The subject of the study was endometrium biopsy material obtained on day 8–10 of menstruation (middle stage of the proliferation phase).</p></sec><sec><title>Study Results</title><p>Study Results. In this study, endometrium biopsy material of patients with RIF demonstrated statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) changes in the middle stage of the proliferation phase: 1.9- and 1.5-fold increase in CD56+ and CD8+ expression, respectively; 2.2-fold reduction in CD4+ expression, and impaired CD8+/CD4+ ratio (increase in CD8+) vs morphological controls.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pathogenesis of implantation incompetence in patients with RIF is caused by immunological imbalance in endometrial stroma, the substrate of which is insufficient concentrations of proangiogenic NK-cells, regulatory suppressive Т-helpers, and increased density of the cytotoxic NK- and Т-cells; it forms two primary parts of pathogenesis: reduced immunological tolerance to semiallogenic blastocyte and impaired normal angiogenesis in endometrial stroma of women with RIF.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>повторные неудачи имплантации</kwd><kwd>иммунология</kwd><kwd>местный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>T-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>В-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>плазмоциты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>repeated implant failures</kwd><kwd>immunology</kwd><kwd>local immunity</kwd><kwd>NK-cells</kwd><kwd>T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>В-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>plasmocytes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pathare A.D.S., Zaveri K., Hinduja I. 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